Resumo

VERA-NUNEZ, José Antonio; GRAGEDA-CABRERA, Oscar Arath; ALTAMIRANO HERNANDEZ, Josué  e  PENA-CABRIALES, Juan José. Effect of surfactants on the agrochemicals uptake by plants. Nova scientia [online]. 2010, vol.2, n.3, pp.14-36. ISSN 2007-0705.

Introduction. The uptake and translocation of molecules and chemicals compounds applied to biological systems is a function of several interactions between biological and abiotics factors. In plant systems, these factors include physical-chemical composition and concentration of molecule, physiological stage of the target plant organ and management of chemical compound (doses and form of application. Technologies dealing with tensoactives or surfactants enhance the uptake of chemical compounds applied to crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of surfactant INEX-A (COSMOCEL^TM) on the uptake of agrochemical compounds using isotopic techniques under greenhouse conditions. Methods. Several assays using agrochemical compounds isotopic labeled were conducted: 1) herbicide ¹⁴C-Glyphosate applied to foliage of Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), 2) insecticide ¹⁴C-Imidacloprid applied to aerial part, 3) insecticide ¹⁴C-Imidacloprid applied to soil, and 4) fertilizer ³²P-Phosphate of ammonium monobasic applied to aerial part of tomato plant (Lycopersicum esculentum). Results. The use of INEX-A increased the absorption of the molecules under study (herbicide ¹⁴C-Glyphosate, insecticide ¹⁴C-Imidacloprid applied to foliage and soil, and fertilizer ³²P-Phosphate of ammonium monobasic). The uptake of the molecules increased in a range from 22 to 100 % when compared to the control treatments (without INEX-A). The effect of the INEX-A showed a direct relation with the types of compounds tested and the effect decreased in the following order: ¹⁴C-Imidacloprid (aerial part)>¹⁴C-Glyphosate (aerial part)>¹⁴C-Imidacloprid (soil)>³²P-Phosphate of ammonium monobasic (aerial part). Conclusions. The results showed a high tensoactive capability of INEX-A (COSMOCEL^MR) increasing the uptake of molecules with systemic activity by the crops.

Palavras-chave : Tensoactive; Isotopes; Systemic activity.