Resumo

GOMEZ MONTIEL, Noel Orlando et al. Grain yield and phenotypic characteristics of maize: effect of environment and fertilization doses. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2016, vol.7, n.8, pp.1801-1813. ISSN 2007-0934.

Corn is the main source of food and the largest crop cultivated in Mexico. In the state of Guerrero there is great diversity of agro-ecological regions distinguished by its altitude, temperature, soil type, rainfall distribution, where farmers grow hybrid varieties and native population’s of corn under irrigation and rainfed conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus in phenotypic characteristics and yield of three maize genotypes in two environments in the northern region of the state of Guerrero. The experiment was established in Iguala and Apaxtla, Guerrero during the spring-summer cycle - 2013. The genotypes were VS-535, A-7573 and V-537C. Nitrogen doses (100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1), under a randomized complete block design with three replications in factorial arrangement. The experimental unit consisted of four rows of five meters length, row spacing 0.80 m. Recording: plant height, ear height, cob health, grain yield. The results indicated that in the four quantified variables, significant effects were detected. In Apaxtla, plant height, ear height, cob health and grain yield were higher than those observed in Iguala, Guerrero. Treatment nine (VS-535 + 200N + 120P) expressed greater cob health and grain yield. V-537C was higher in plant height and grain yield compared to VS-535 and A-7573, and the three genotypes were similar in height and cob health. The application of 200 units of N increased plant height and 90 units of P increased ear height, cob health and grain yield t ha-1.

Palavras-chave : Zea mays L.; fertilization dose; phenotypic characteristics and grain yield.