Resumo

GONZALEZ-CHAVIRA, Mario Martín et al. Induction of androgenic embryos and regeneration of haploid plants in experimental genotypes of poblano chili through anthers culture. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2023, vol.14, n.2, pp.277-287.  Epub 19-Jun-2023. ISSN 2007-0934.  https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v14i2.3054.

Traditional methods to obtain pure or homozygous lines involve several generations of self-fertilization with a significant time requirement. The obtaining of haploid and double haploid plants represents an alternative that reduces the production of lines with identical alleles in all their chromosomes to one generation. The objective of this work was to implement the protocol for obtaining androgenic embryos in populations of mulato and ancho chili of the chili improvement program in the Bajío Experimental Field of the National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research during 2019 and 2020. Thirty chili genotypes included in the two populations mentioned below were subjected to androgen induction treatment. a) heterogeneous landrace population of mulato and ancho chilies with characteristic of cytoplasmic male sterility; and b) population of interspecific crosses of ancho chili with habanero chili (C. annuum x C. chinense) resistant to geminiviruses (PepGMV) and Phytophthora sp. The treatment consisted of N 6-furfuryladenine (kinetin) (0.01 mg L-1) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.01 mg L-1) for the induction of somatic embryogenesis and subsequently of kinetin (0.1 mg L-1) for induction of embryo germination. Chromosomal duplication was performed by colchicine (0.5%) prior to adaptation in vivo. The population made up of genotypes derived from interspecific crosses obtained greater efficiency of double haploid regenerated plants, between 4.29% and 14.67%, while the landrace population generated embryos in a smaller proportion, between 1.02% and 5.26%. These results are the first reported to obtain double haploid plants of mulato and ancho chilies.

Palavras-chave : Capsicum annuum; homozygosity; plant regeneration.