Resumo

ROJAS MOLINA, Jairo et al. Structure and floristic composition of forests associated to Theobroma species in the Colombian Amazon. Rev. mex. de cienc. forestales [online]. 2021, vol.12, n.68, pp.128-150.  Epub 28-Fev-2022. ISSN 2007-1132.  https://doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v12i68.1078.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the structure, composition and biodiversity of forests associated with wild species of Theobroma in the Colombian Amazon. Five circular plots with a diameter of 25.24 m (500 m2) were established in the municipality of Cartagena de Chairá department of Caquetá, and in the municipality of Puerto Leguizamo, department of Putumayo. 190 individuals associated to wild Theobroma species were registered in the Colombian Amazon, distributed in 35 families, 85 genera, and 123 species. The most representative species found were Iryanthera laevis, with 8 individuals; Brosimum cf. potabile, with 7 individuals; Eschweilera albiflora, with 6 individuals; Iryanthera crassifolia, with 5 individuals, and Neea parviflora, Theobroma glaucum and Parinari campestris, with 4 individuals each. Of the 35 families found in the study area, the most representative for their IVI were Moraceae (41,04), Fabaceae (37.31), Myristicaceae (34.33), Malvaceae (26.53), Burseraceae (24.67), Lecythidaceae (17.07), Lauraceae (13.47), and Rubiaceae (12.40). The diversity index of Shannon (H) exhibited the following values for the established plots: Palmichales (3.38), El Jordán (3.16), El Guamo (3.58), Las Vegas (3.34), and La Cocha (3.51). Shannon's diversity values showed that the forests of El Guamo and La Cocha have a high degree of diversity (3.58 and 3.51 respectively). The phytosociological and importance value indices allowed the identification of four outstanding tree species Iryanthera laevis, Brosimum cf. potabile, Eschweilera albiflora and Iryanthera crassifolia, which somehow represent a potential for the conservation of native cocoa materials.

Palavras-chave : Floristic composition; diameter distribution; importance value index (IVI); diversity indexes; structure; Theobroma.

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