Resumo

CAMPOS-ARANDA, Daniel Francisco. Evolution of the common indices of detection and monitoring of meteorological droughts. Tecnol. cienc. agua [online]. 2020, vol.11, n.1, pp.375-409.  Epub 30-Maio-2020. ISSN 2007-2422.  https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2020-01-10.

Droughts are a recurrent natural phenomenon characterized by a decrease in precipitation. This condition can be aggravated by the demands of drinking water, irrigation and other uses. Meteorological Droughts (MD) imply a reduction in the amount and intensity of rainfall, as well as an increase in temperature and evaporation, since without clouds there is an increase in solar radiation. Drought indices are operating procedures that use the aforementioned climatic variables, seeking to quantify certain characteristics of the MD to assign a severity and thus be able to establish their start, development and termination, allowing their comparison in different climates. This paper describes chronologically how the most common detection and pursuit indices of MD have evolved, allowing their annual and monthly quantification. This compilation is useful to begin and advance in the study and characterization of the MD of a locality or a geographic region. It is recommended to progress in the study and the quantitative evaluation of MD, according to how the indexes are described here, since their historical evolution and their computational complexity coincide.

Palavras-chave : Meteorological droughts (MD); annual MD; monthly MD; drought indices (ISP; IA; RDI_st; PDSI; IZC; SPI; SPEI and SPDI).

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