BACKGROUND:

Testicular neoplasias make up a group of tumors with diverse morphologic characteristics and clinical manifestations. They represent approximately 1 to 2% of the malignant cancers in men and up to 10% of all malignant diseases of the male genitourinary system.

OBJECTIVE:

To demonstrate the incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of testicular rhabdomyosarcoma and yolk sac tumor.

CLINICAL CASE:

A 43-year-old man presented with symptoms of 8-month progression that included an enlarged left testis with moderate pain irradiating to the lower ipsilateral limb with periods of remission and exacerbation and accompanied by difficulty in breathing. He underwent left radical orchiectomy and the histopathology study reported a mixed germ cell tumor composed of a sarcomatoid yolk sac tumor (50%) and rhabdomyosarcoma (30%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Intratesticular rhabdomyosarcomas are aggressive and rare and it is common for them to present with lymph node involvement or metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Clinical stage, histologic type, and treatment adherence influence the natural history of the cancer.