Resumo

GARCIA-MARTINEZ, Julio César; CRUZ-DELGADO, Daniela; TORRES-RAMIREZ, Estela  e  GUTIERREZ-ANTUNEZ, A.R.. University scientific-based firms: configurations according to gender of the entrepreneur. RIDE. Rev. Iberoam. Investig. Desarro. Educ [online]. 2022, vol.13, n.25, e030.  Epub 12-Jun-2023. ISSN 2007-7467.  https://doi.org/10.23913/ride.v13i25.1281.

In the scientific literature, there are few studies that have explored the possible interactions between the explanatory factors of the creation of science-based companies (Berbegal-Mirabent, Ribeiro-Soriano, and Sánchez García, 2015) and addressed the differences in the creation of this type of company according to the gender of the entrepreneur (Sinell, Mueller-Wieland and Muschner, 2018); Most of the research on the creation of science-based companies of university origin has focused on the effect of isolated variables to explain their emergence and at one or two levels of analysis, in this sense, it seeks to answer: how do they differ the causal configurations of science-based companies according to the gender of the entrepreneur? The objective is to identify causal differences in the creation of science-based companies according to the gender of the entrepreneur, taking into account analysis variables at the macro, meso and micro levels. The study includes companies supported by incubators and accelerators located in different cities in Mexico. 185 university companies were analyzed, not all of which are scientifically based. The information was collected through an online survey and processed through comparative qualitative analysis for fuzzy sets. As a result, it was found that no variable by itself is a sufficient condition to generate science/technology-based companies regardless of the gender of the entrepreneurs, since all the causal configurations that reached the minimum consistency of 0.80 were made up of more than one variable. When the data on spin-offs generated by men is analyzed, only a sufficient configuration emerges in which the presence of a degree of study, area of knowledge, experience in research, a regulatory framework that allows the researcher to obtain royalties for the intellectual property generated in the institution and a team of founders. When the analysis is carried out only for the female gender, it was identified that the presence of a degree of studies, area of knowledge, experience in research, experience in the industry, a regulatory framework that allows obtaining royalties from the intellectual property generated in the institution, entrepreneurial culture and external financing, in both cases the configurations reach the minimum of 0.80. It is concluded that women replace the founding team, necessary for men, with experience in industry, entrepreneurial culture and external financing while they coincide in degree of studies, area of knowledge, experience in R&D and the presence of regulations that ensure the participation of academics in the royalties generated by the institution from which the company emerges. It is noteworthy that in none of the configurations does the presence of technology transfer offices appear necessary.

Palavras-chave : Qualitative comparative analysis; entrepreneurship by gender; science-based company; levels of analysis; knowledge transfer.

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