Resumo

CORCUFF, Philippe. Figuras de la individualidad: de Marx a las sociologías contemporáneas: Entre clarificaciones científicas y antropologías filosóficas. Cultura representaciones soc [online]. 2008, vol.2, n.4, pp.9-41. ISSN 2007-8110.

This article presents a synthetic view of the sociological approach to the question of individuality. Firtsly, proceeding from the traditional debate between methodological individualism and methodological holism, it proposes an alternative approach: methodological relationalism (in terms of social relationships). Further on, it considers a classical and unrecognized approach: that of Marx, in comparison with that of Durkheim. More further on, it turns its interest towards new problematisations in contemporary social science. It thus describes three main figures, also present in the philosophical approach: sameness-identity (Paul Ricoeur) / habitus (Pierre Bourdieu), selfhood-identity (Paul Ricoeur) / quant à soi (François Dubet) and moments of subjectivation (Jocelyn Benoist) / moments of agapè (Luc Boltanski). Lastly, it recenters its atention aroun one of the more dynamic paradigms: the dispositional sociology (and, more precisely, around Pierre Bourdieu and Bernard Lahire). It achieves thus to put forward what the heuristic frame could loose, in cientific terms, due to the confusion between 'dispositions' and 'competences'. All along this sociological course, the author tries to clarify the anthropological a priori (understood as a priori philosophical perceptions of the human condition) fueling diverse sociological approaches. He does so in the perspective of a transborder dialogue between sociology and philosophy. At the end of the course appear the posibility of a multi-dimensional interpretation of individuals, opposed to one-dimensional sociologies.

Palavras-chave : individualidad; identidad; agapè; ciencias sociales; filosofía.