Objective:

To determine the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in multiple pregnancies conceived naturally and by assisted-reproduction techniques at the Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre” del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, from June 2008 to June 2016.

Method:

Observational, comparative, descriptive and retrospective study. Group 1 consisted of children conceived by assisted-reproduction techniques and Group 2 consisted of naturally conceived children. The protocol was revised and accepted by the research ethics and biosafety committees of the Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre” with file number 497.2017.

Results:

One hundred and eighty-four patients were included. Group 1 consisted of 90 patients (assisted reproduction) and Group 2 consisted of 94 patients. Mean gestational age for Group 1 was 32.7 weeks ± 2.12 weeks and for group 2 was 32.9 weeks ± 2.17 weeks. Average weight for group 1 was 1,673 g (s 425) and for group 2 was 1,784 g (s 491). There were 5 patients with retinopathy of prematurity in group 1 (5/90) and 8 patients in group 2 (8/94).

Conclusions:

Although it is known that multiple pregnancies increase the risk of prematurity and/or low birth weight, hence increasing the probability of developing retinopathy of prematurity, this study did not find risk differences based on the type of conception for multiple pregnancies. However, a positive association was observed for multiple pregnancies of more than two fetuses and in patients with extremely low birth weight.

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