Resumo

VIDAL COB UICAB, José et al. Direct organogenesis for in vitro propagation of Quillaja saponaria Molina in Southern South America. Rev. mex. de cienc. forestales [online]. 2016, vol.7, n.34, pp.57-68. ISSN 2007-1132.

Quillaja saponaria is an endemic tree species from four countries in South America. From its bark, saponins are extracted which are economically important molecules used in pharmaceutical, industrial and agricultural purposes. In the present study the effect of hormonal components on the morphogenic capacity of Q. saponaria from caulinary segments from adult trees were evaluated. Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supplemented with nine concentrations of 3-indole butyric acid (IBA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was used. A completely randomized balanced design with five replications was used; the experimental unit was a glass jar with four explants. The material was kept in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1 °C during day time and 22 ± 1 °C at night, with a light intensity of 3000 lux and a relative humidity of 60 %. Significant effects (P = 0.01) of the treatments on the variables number of outbreaks and caulinary elongation were determined. Duncan’s multiple range test confirmed that the treatments with significant differences were 1.0 mg L-1 of IBA and 2.0 mg L-1 BAP, for the number of shoots per explant and 1.5 mg L-1 of IBA and 0.5 mg L-1 BAP for caulinary elongation. The histological analyses revealed that the proliferation of meristematic structures was originated in the subepidermic tissue. These results support the scientific foundation of morphogenic competence of adult trees as sources of germ plasm for clonal propagation, which are crucial in a massive program of elite individuals.

Palavras-chave : Indole-3-butyric acid; physiological age; meristematic structures; Quillaja saponaria Molina; nodal segments; vitro-plantlets.