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Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental
versión impresa ISSN 0188-4999
Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient vol.21 no.2 Ciudad de México abr./jun. 2005
Artículos de revisión
MECANISMOS DE FITORREMEDIACIÓN DE SUELOS CONTAMINADOS CON MOLÉCULAS ORGÁNICAS XENOBIÓTICAS
1Programa de Doctorado en Biología Experimental
2Departamento de Hidrobiología
3Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud.
4Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa. Apdo. Postal 55-535, D.F. 09340, México. Correo electrónico: slm001@yahoo.com
Estudios recientes han demostrado que algunas plantas con determinadas características incrementan la biodegradación de una variedad amplia de moléculas orgánicas xenobióticas en suelos contaminados. Sin embargo, se sabe poco acerca de la participación directa o indirecta y de los mecanismos y etapas que ocurre en las plantas para transformar estos compuestos. El objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar a la fitorremediación como una opción tecnológica útil para la limpieza de suelos contaminados. Se hace una revisión de los mecanismos que la planta utiliza, las interacciones que se llevan al cabo en el suelo entre planta, microorganismos y compuestos orgánicos xenobióticos. Estos conocimientos permitirán proponer soluciones a los problemas de la contaminación y la eventual recuperación de suelos.
Palabras clave: remediación; fitodegradación; compuestos orgánicos xenobióticos
Several studies have demonstrated that certain particular plants increase biodegradation of a number of exogenous organic molecules in contaminated soils. However, information on mechanisms, stages and the role of plants, direct or even indirect, in transforming such compounds is scarce. The objective of this work is to put on view phytoremediation as a technological helpful alternative for cleaning contaminated soils. General mechanisms and particular stages that plants use, as well as the complex interactions plants-native microorganisms-xenobiotics in the soil are reviewed. This knowledge will allow proposing solutions to problems of contamination and eventually recovering sites and soils.
Key words: remediation; phytodegradation; xenobiotics
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Recibido: Octubre de 2004; Aprobado: Febrero de 2005