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Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental
versión impresa ISSN 0188-4999
Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient vol.22 no.3 Ciudad de México jul./sep. 2006
Artículos
DISEÑO DE UNA MATRIZ MICROENCAPSULANTE A PARTIR DE COMPUESTOS BIODEGRADABLES PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE UN BIOINSECTICIDA
1Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental. Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro s/n esq. Elías Piña, Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710 Tamps, México, correo electrónico: nrosas@ipn.mx
Se diseñaron diversas matrices microencapsulantes a partir de compuestos naturales totalmente biodegradables y se evaluó su actividad fagoestimulante contra Argyrotaenia sp., un lepidóptero plaga del aguacate. Las matrices microencapsulantes se prepararon a base de un agente encapsulante de almidón de maíz modificado (Capsul®), adherentes como la goma guar, goma arábiga y gelatina y fagoestimulantes como hoja de aguacate en polvo y cáscara de aguacate en polvo. De la combinación de estos ingredientes se obtuvieron nueve mezclas en forma granular que fueron evaluadas mediante bioensayos de preferencia alimenticia con larvas neonatas de Argyrotaenia sp. Estas mostraron una mayor preferencia alimenticia hacia las matrices microencapsulantes que contienen fagoestimulantes, siendo más preferida la hoja en polvo que la cáscara en polvo. El adherente más aceptado por las larvas fue la goma arábiga ya que no causó ningún efecto negativo en la preferencia hacia la matriz. De acuerdo con el análisis estadístico, las matrices microencapsulantes más preferidas por las larvas son las siguientes: Capsul®/goma arábiga/hoja de aguacate en polvo > Capsul®/goma arábiga/cáscara de aguacate en polvo > Capsul®/goma guar/hoja de aguacate en polvo. El diseño de estas matrices microencapsulantes contribuye al desarrollo de insecticidas biológicos, como una opción amigable a la conservación del ambiente.
Palabras clave: polímeros naturales; ambiente; formulación; insecto-plaga
Several microencapsulating matrices were designed from completely biodegradable natural compounds and their feeding stimulant effect was evaluated in Argyrotaenia sp. which is an avocado lepidopteran pest. Microencapsulating matrices were prepared based on a modified corn-starch encapsulating agent (Capsul ®) with adherents such as gelatin, guar gum and Arabic gum, and powdered avocado leaves and powdered avocado rind as feeding stimulants. From the combination of these ingredients, nine types of granules were obtained and evaluated in feeding preference bioassays with neonate larvae of Argyrotaenia sp. The larvae exhibited a high feeding preference to microencapsulating matrices containing feeding stimulants, being more preferred the powdered leaves than the powdered rind. The most accepted adherent was the Arabic gum, because no negative effect was observed in the preference to the matrix. According to statistical analysis the most preferred microencapsulating matrices are as follows: Capsul®/Arabic gum/powdered avocado leaves > Capsul®/Arabic gum/ powdered avocado rind > Capsul®/guar gum/ powdered avocado leaves. The design of these microencapsulating matrices contributes to bioinsecticide development and offers an environmental-friendly option.
Key words: natural polymers; environment; formulation; insect-pest
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Recibido: Mayo de 2006; Aprobado: Octubre de 2006
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
