SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
 
vol.27 número3Alta diversidad de especies (H´) de diatomeas bentónicas en una laguna costera ubicada dentro de un área natural protegidaVariación genética en Meristotheca cylindrica (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) en Campeche, México índice de autoresíndice de materiabúsqueda de artículos 		Home Pagelista alfabética de revistas  

Servicios Personalizados

Revista

Articulo

Indicadores

Links relacionados

  • No hay artículos similaresSimilares en SciELO

Compartir

Hidrobiológica

versión impresa ISSN 0188-8897

Hidrobiológica vol.27 no.3 Ciudad de México sep./dic. 2017

 

Articles

Species diversity and biogeographical patterns of Laurencia sensu stricto (Rhodophyta) in the Atlantic Ocean

Diversidad de especies y patrones biogeográficos de Laurencia sensu stricto (Rhodophyta) en el océano Atlántico

Oscar E. Hernández1  2  * 

Abel Sentíes2 

Kurt M. Dreckmann2 

Valéria Cassano3 

Mutue T. Fujii4 

1 Estudiante del Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. A.P. 55-535, CDMX, 09340, Mexico

2 Departamento de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. A.P. 55-535, CDMX, 09340, Mexico

3 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil

4 Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ficologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Estéfano, 3687-04301-902 São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

Background:

Recent morphological and phylogenetic studies of Laurencia in the Atlantic Ocean have modified our cu rrent knowledge of the group. Approximately 23% of the worldwide generic diversity has been recorded in this region.

Goals:

Update the checklist of the Laurencia species in the Atlantic and describe the distribution patterns within the ge nus.

Methods:

We obtained records of Laurencia species in the Atlantic from a review of the literature and distributional data were used to define areas of endemism through a PAE (Parsimony of Areas of Endemism) analysis.

Results:

We propose an updated checklist of the 30 currently recognized species of Laurencia in the Atlantic Ocean; this checklist also includes taxonomic synonyms, nomenclatural remarks, and a detailed distribution for each species. The distributional range for the genus in the Atlantic extends from Bermuda and Northern Europe in the North Atlantic to Brazil and South Africa in the South Atlantic. We were able to define four areas of endemism: Brazil with four endemic species, the Gulf of Guinea with four endemic species, the northeastern Atlantic with three endemic species, and South Africa with four endemic species; also documented was one secondary area (Macaronesian Islands) with the endemic species L. viridis. Moreover, 17 of the 30 species of the Atlantic are also distributed in the Indo-Pacific, of which five are amphi-Atlantic species.

Conclusions:

The patterns found are related to geological events that occurred in the past, a fact that allows us to formulate a vicariance hypothesis about these species biogeographic history. Therefore, future work that will document new species and the clarification of taxonomic problems will allow researchers to continue enriching this hypothesis.

Key words: Area of endemism; biogeography; PAE analysis; red algae

Resumen

Antecedentes:

Los recientes estudios morfológicos y filogenéticos de Laurencia para el océano Atlántico han modificado el conocimiento actual sobre la diversidad del grupo, registrándose para esta región, aproximadamente el 23% de la diversidad del género a nivel mundial.

Objetivos:

Actualizar el listado de especies de Laurencia presentes en el Océano Atlántico y definir sus patrones de distribución.

Métodos:

Se obtuvieron los registros de las especies del género a partir de una revisión bibliográfica, utilizando los datos de distribución para la definición de patrones biogeográficos mediante un análisis de PAE.

Resultados:

Se propone un listado actualizado que contiene 30 especies de Laurencia reconocidas taxonómicamente para el Océano Atlántico; además se incluyen sinónimos, notas nomenclaturales y la distribución a de talle de cada una de las especies. El intervalo de distribución del género se extiende desde Bermuda y el norte de Europa para el Atlántico Norte, hasta Brasil y Sudáfrica en el Atlántico Sur. Se definieron cuatro áreas de endemismo: Brasil con cuatro especies endémicas, Golfo de Guinea con cuatro especies restringidas, Noreste del Atlántico con tres especies endémicas y Sudáfrica con cuatro especies endémicas; además de un área secundaria (Islas de la Macaronesia) con L. viridis como especie endémica. Por otro lado, 17 de las 30 especies registradas para el Atlántico se distribuyen también en el Indo-Pacífico, de las cuales cinco son especies anfi-Atlánticas.

Conclusiones:

Los patrones encontrados han sido relacionados con eventos geológicos que han ocurrido en el pasado, permitiendo ofrecer una hipótesis de vicarianza sobre su historia biogeográfica. Por lo tanto, trabajos futuros sobre el reconocimiento de nuevas especies y el esclareci miento de problemas taxonómicos permitirá continuar enriqueciendo dicha hipótesis.

Palabras clave: Áreas de endemismo; biogeografía; Análisis de PAE; algas rojas

Introduction

There is a need for an updated checklist of Laurencia (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) in the Atlantic Ocean that accounts for recent morphological and phylogenetic studies that have modified our current knowledge of the group. For instance, the “Laurencia complex” has replaced the former concept of Laurencia sensu lato. The genus Laurencia sensu stricto (s.s.) (Garbary & Harper, 1998; Nam, 2006; Gil-Rodríguez et al., 2012), and the following seven genera belonging to the complex (mentioned above):Osmundea Stackhouse, Chondrophycus (Tokida et Saito) Garbary et J. T. Harper, Palisada K. W. Nam, Yuzurua (K.W. Nam) Martin-Lescanne, Laurenciella Cassano, Gil-Rodríguez, Sentíes, Díaz-Larrea, M. C. Oliveira et M. T. Fujii, Coronaphycus Metti and Ohelopapa F. Rousseau, Martin-Lescanne, Payri et L. Le Gall. These genera differ in the number of pericentral cells cut off by the vegetative axial segments, the origin of spermatangial branches, and the origin of tetrasporangia from determined cells (Saito, 1967; Nam et al., 1994; Garbary & Harper, 1998; Nam, 1999, 2006, 2007). Molecular phylogenetic data also support distinction among them (Martin-Lescanne et al., 2010; Cassano et al., 2012a; Metti et al., 2015; Rousseau et al., 2017).

Laurencia comprises 130 taxonomically recognized species worldwide (Guiry & Guiry, 2017). In particular, 18 species of the genus have been recorded for the Western Atlantic (from North Carolina to Brazil) and 21 for the Eastern Atlantic (Europe and Africa). These represent 23% of the species richness worldwide. Phylogenetic studies of some Laurencia species in the Atlantic have shown the artificiality of the wide ranges of distribution of some species, such as L. microcladia and L. obtusa (Cassano et al., 2012a) that have been eliminated from the Bra zilian flora.

The area of endemism is defined as the sympatric congruence between two or more endemic species, based on the fact that the se species share a common spatial history (Platnick, 1991; Morrone, 2007). Other areas that can be documented are the secondary areas, which have only one endemic species or the so-called relic species that are important because these areas may be later isolations where spe cies radiation has not yet occurred (Ippi & Flores, 2001; Vargas et al., 2008). The PAE (Parsimony Areas of Endemism) analysis is a method that allows us to identify areas of endemism from area cladograms. In a manner similar to phylogenetic systematics, at least two synapo morphic characters (restricted species) will define areas of endemism (Morrone, 2013).

One important outcome of this taxonomic updating is to provide a better understanding of the biogeographical patterns. With the present updated checklist, we will discuss endemism and the widespread geo graphic distribution of Laurencia species in the Atlantic.

Materials and methods

Records for Laurencia for the Atlantic Ocean were obtained from pri mary sources (these sources are indicated for each species in Results section). We complemented information with the online database Algae Base (Guiry & Guiry, 2017). Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE; Rosen, 1988) was used in a biogeographical analysis. For this analysis, an r x c binary matrix (presence and absence) was constructed, where r (rows) displays the 17 Atlantic ecoregions proposed by Spalding et al. (2007) (Figure 1) and c (columns) contains 24 of the 30 species recorded for the Atlantic Ocean. Because they could be found practically all over the Atlantic, we did not include L. brongniartii J. Agardh, L. caducira mulosa Masuda et S. Kawaguchi, L. dendroidea J. Agardh, L. intricata J. V. Lamouroux, L. microcladia Kützing, and L. obtusa (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux. In addition, the Macaronesian Islands were excluded from the analysis because they are considered to be a transition zone with species from other areas of Atlantic (see Haroun & Prud’homme van Reine, 1993; Tuya & Haroun, 2009), and may affect our distributional patterns (Medina, 2007). Parsimony analysis was done through a heu ristic search using TBR+TBR routines with the NONA program, using the WinClada software (Nixon, 1999). A strict consensus tree was built from the most parsimonious trees.

Figure 1 Marine ecoregions used in the PAE analysis, modified from Spalding et al., (2007): Adriatic Sea (AdS), Aghulas Bank (AghB), Bermuda (Ber), Eastern Brazil (EBr), Eastern Caribbean (Eca), Greater Antilles (GA), Gulf of Guinea Central (GGC), Gulf of Guinea Upwelling (GGU), Gulf of Guinea Western (GGW), Levantine Sea (LevS), Northeastern Brazil (NEBr), Southern Caribbean (Sca), South European Atlantic Shelf (SEAS), Southeastern Brazil (SEBr), St. Helena and Ascension Islands (SHAI), Western Caribbean (WCa), and Western Mediterranean (WMe). 

Six “species inquirenda” (L. alsidiidormis Zanardini ex Fraudenfeld, L. alsidioides P. L. Crouan et H.M. Crouan, L. botryocephala Kützing, L. canariensis Montagne ex Kützing, L. moriformis Kützing and L. trifaria Kützing) did not provide information about their geographical distri bution and were recorded only once by their respective authors. Null or limited herbarium material prevented us from being totally certain about these taxa. Categories of areas (patterns) were defined: Those containing an endemic species (Secondary Area); those with congru ence in geographical distribution of two or more endemic species (Area of Endemism), that is, clades defined by two or more synapomorphies; and widespread species (amphi-Atlantic Areas). In addition, we defined areas containing two or more endemic species without total congru ence in the geographic distribution of these, known as areas of Partial Congruence.

Results

Checklist of Laurencia species

  • Laurencia brachyclados Pilger

  • Type locality: Annobon Island, Equatorial Guinea, West Africa.

  • Distribution: Gulf of Guinea: Equatorial Guinea: Annobon Island (John et al., 2004).

  • St. Helena and Ascension Islands: Ascension Island (John et al., 2004).

  • Laurencia corymbosa J. Agardh

  • Type locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa.

  • Distribution: South Africa: Cape of Good Hope (Silva et al., 1996).

  • Laurencia epiphylla F. Boisset et J. C. Lino

  • Type locality: Alicante: La Granadella, Jávea, the Mediterra nean coast of Spain.

  • Distribution: Mediterranean Sea: Spain: Alicante (Gómez-Ga rreta et al., 2001).

  • Laurencia flexuosa Kützing

  • Type locality: “Ad Caput Bonae Spei”, South Africa.

  • Distribution: South Africa: Cape Town (Stegenga et al., 1997).

  • West African Transition: Mauritania [uncertain record (John et al., 2004)].

  • Laurencia foldatsii N. Rodríguez de Rios

  • Type locality: Taguao, Distrito Federal, Venezuela

  • Distribution: Tropical Northwestern Atlantic: Venezuela (Gane san, 1990).

  • Laurencia galtsoffii M. Howe

  • Type locality: Pearl and Hermes Reef, Hawaiian Archipelago.

  • Distribution: Gulf of Guinea: Gabon, Ghana, and Liberia (John et al., 2004).

  • West African Transition: Cape Verde Islands (John et al., 2004).

  • Laurencia griseaviolacea M.J. Wynne

  • Type locality: Clovelly, Cape Peninsula, South Africa.

  • Distribution: South Africa: Cape Town (Stegenga et al., 1997, as Laurencia peninsularis H. Stegenga, J. J. Bolton et R. J. Anderson not L. peninsularis Taylor).

  • Laurencia laurahuertana Mateo-Cid, Mendoza-González, Sentíes et Díaz-Larrea

  • Type locality: Punta Herrero, Quintana Roo. México

  • Distribution: Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Mexico: Quin tana Roo (Mateo-Cid et al., 2014).

  • Laurencia minuscula Schnetter

  • Type locality: Puerto López (Alta Guajira), Guajira Department, Colombia.

  • Distribution: Tropical Northwestern Atlantic: Colombia: Guajira (Schnetter, 1976). Cuba: Havana (Sentíes et al., 2010).

  • Laurencia natalensis Kylin

  • Type locality: Isipingo Beach, near Durban, South Africa

  • Distribution: South Africa: Pearly Beach to Agulhas (Stegenga et al., 1997)

  • Laurencia nidifica J. Agardh

  • Type locality: Hawaiian Islands

  • Distribution: Gulf of Guinea: Ivory Coast,Ghana, and Liberia (John et al., 2004).

  • Lusitania: Madeira Archipelago: Deserta Grande [uncertain re cord (Neto et al., 2001)].

  • St. Helena and Ascension Islands: St. Helena (John et al., 2004).

  • West African Transition: Cape Verde Islands (John et al., 2004).

  • Laurencia oliveirana Yoneshigue

  • Type locality: Ponta da Cabeça, Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

  • Distribution: Tropical Southwestern Atlantic: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro (Fujii et al., 2012) and Bahia ((Fujii & Sentíes, 2005).

  • Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo (Fujii & Sentíes, 2005).

  • Laurencia tenera C. K. Tseng

  • Type locality: Shek-O, Hong Kong.

  • Distribution: Gulf of Guinea: Ivory coast, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Togo (John et al., 2004).

  • West African Transition: Cape Verde Islands, Gambia, Mauritania, and Senegal (John et al., 2004).

  • St Helena and Ascension Islands: St. Helena (John et al., 2004).

  • Laurencia translucida M. T. Fujii et Cordeiro-Marino

  • Type locality: Padres beach, Aracruz, Espírito Santo State, Brazil.

  • Distribution: Warm Temperate Southwesern Atlantic: Brazil: São Paulo (Creed et al., 2010).

  • Tropical Southwestern Atlantic: Brazil: Bahia, Ceará, and Pernambuco Espírito Santo (Fujii et al., 2006), Rio de Janeiro (Creed et al., 2010).

  • Laurencia venusta Yamada

  • Type locality: Koshiki-jima, Kagoshima Prefecture and Goto-retto, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

  • Distribution: Tropical Northwestern Atlantic: México: Quintana Roo (Sentíes & Fujii, 2002).

  • Tropical Southwestern Atlantic: Brazil: Espírito Santo (Fujii & Sentíes, 2005).

Species inquirenda

  • Laurencia alsidiiformis Zanardini ex Fraudenfeld

  • Type locality: Spalato, Dalmatian coast.

  • Laurencia alsidioides P. L. Crouan et H.M. Crouan

  • Type locality: I. Guadeloupe, Caribbean Sea.

  • Laurencia botryocephala Kützing

  • Type locality:“Ad Caput Bonae Spei” Cape of Good Hope.

  • Laurencia canariensis Montagne ex Kützing

  • Remarks: Gil Rodríguez et al. (2012) suggested that it should be considered an uncertain species. According to John et al. (1994), L. canariensis and L. caespitosa are synonyms of Osmundea hybrida (De Candolle) K. W. Nam.

  • Type locality: Canary Islands.

  • Laurencia moriformis Kützing

  • Type locality: Cape of Good Hope.

  • Laurencia trifaria Kützing

  • Type locality: Cape of Good Hope.

PAE Analysis. The area cladogram obtained had the following parameters: Length = 28, Consistency Index=0.85 and Retention Index=0.88. The strict consensus tree of the 3 equally parsimonious trees is presented (Figure 2). Cladogram topology suggests four areas of endemism: South Africa (AghB) with four restricted species, Brazil (EB, NEB, and SEB) with four restricted species, Northeastern Atlantic (WMe, SEAS, LevS, and AdS) with three restricted species, and Gulf of Guinea (SHAI, GGU, CV, GGW, and GGC) with four restricted species (Figure 3). Some of these species, however, are also distributed in the Indo-Pacific (see Table 1). In addition, we have defined three categories of areas: partial congruence (areas with partial congruence between the areas of distribution) composed by GA, ECa, WCa, and SCa (Figure 2), secondary areas (area with an endemic species, Ippi & Flores, 2001) and widespread species (Table 1).

Figure 2 Areas of endemism defined in the PAE analysis. 1) Northwestern At lantic, 2) South Africa, 3) Gulf of Guinea, and 4) Brazil. The black dots represent restricted species or synapomorphies and the white dots represent homoplasies. 

Figure 3 Map of the areas of endemism of Laurencia in the Atlantic Ocean. 

Table 1 Categories of areas defined for Laurencia in the Atlantic Ocean. 

*Species also distributed in the Indo-Pacific. +Species also distributed in the Macaronesian Archipelago.

Discussion

The nomenclature from genus to species, valid names, and taxonomic synonyms of Laurencia are a fundamental part of the checklist here proposed and a topic of continuing discussion among taxonomists. Checklists allow for the documentation of species distributions, the biodiversity within certain areas, and offer the possibility of using this information to carry out a biogeographical analysis; thus, considering the taxonomic remarks, uncertain records, reports of invasion, and in troduction of species allows us to obtain biogeographical natural pat terns or approximate reality. Taxonomic validity of the records and the recognition of the distribution limits of the species area are essential requirements in biogeographic works (Morrone, 2013). In turn, areas of endemism and secondary areas can be defined, and widespread spe cies identified.

On endemism. Areas of endemism (non-endemic species) are defined as the sympatric distribution congruence of two or more taxa belon ging to a given category (e.g., order, family, genus or species) (Morrone, 2013). However, when we take Laurencia, the Caribbean Sea is defined by partial congruence in the distribution of two or more species (group GA, ECa, WCa, and SCa; see Figure 2). Endemic species inhabit this region, such as L. laurahuertana in the western Caribbean, L. foldatsii in the southern Caribbean, L. chondrioides, and L. minuscula in the Caribbean Sea in general, but their distributional congruence is not total, and the PAE analysis does not define this area for two or more synapormor phies. Furthermore, the Caribbean Sea is the Atlantic biotic area with the highest species richness of Laurencia (13 spp). This biogeographic pattern is also shared by the distributional diversity of several unrelated taxa, such as coastal fishes, mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrasses in the Atlantic Ocean (Tittensor et al., 2010).

According to Tapia-Silva et al. (2015), a mathematical analysis of the geographic distribution of the macroalgal species richness can reveal high diversity spots that, in the case of macroalgae, coincide well with the major distribution of the great marine environments in the area (mangroves, coral reefs and seagrasses): the Mexican Caribbean barrier reef, the Veracruz reef system, and the Alacran reef system at Puerto Progreso, Yucatan (Vilchis et al., in press). Studies have shown higher macroalgal diversity in the Indo-Pacific area than in the Atlantic (Kerswell, 2006), and when comparing worldwide Laurencia data (Tapia et al., 2015) this pattern is confirmed. Areas of endemism in the south Atlantic were also found in Brazil, Gulf of Guinea, and South Africa, which are also reported to contain endemic species (Brown & Lomolino, 1998); furthermore, it was found that the Gondwana breakup is the geological process that explains this endemism.

Other areas such as the Northwestern Atlantic, Europe, and the Caribbean Sea share Laurencia species with other regions (i.e., the Indo-Pacific), and the influence of vicariance events such as the closing of Isthmus of Panama and the final closure of the Tethys seaway in the Eastern Atlantic (Cowman & Bellwood, 2013) has not been studied.

Secondary areas. These areas are defined by the presence of one endemic species. When this happens, for example, in the Macaronesian Archipelago with L. viridis, the area is inhabited mostly by species that are also distributed in other places (9 spp.), and the number of endemic species is smaller compared to the defined areas of endemism. In the Macaronesian Archipelago, the phycofloristic composition reveals elements in common with the littoral of continental Europe and the North of Africa (Haroun and Prud’Homme van Reine, 1993; Tuya & Haroun, 2009). This is because the geological origin of the Macaronesian islands dates to the early Miocene (20 my) (Brown & Lomolino, 1998), allowing the colonization of species from other areas. Thus, this region is a spe cial biotic area that could be researched using an island-biogeography approach.

Widespread species. The genus Laurencia in the Atlantic Ocean extends from the coast of Ireland to South Africa, including the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea; in the western Atlantic, the genus extends from North Carolina, USA, to southern Brazil. Seventeen of these species are also distributed in the Indo-Pacific, of which five are widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean.

Recent phylogenetic studies have been useful in detecting misidentifications in the Atlantic, especially in records from Macaronesia, Brazil, and the Mexican Caribbean, although only nine widespread species of Laurencia in the Atlantic have a molecular characterization in these places. The use of the molecular-phylogenetic approach on these species in the Atlantic Ocean should allow us to identify new lineages over a wide distribution range, as has happened with other groups of red algae (Skage et al., 2005; Nuñez-Resendiz et al., 2015), and achieve a much better understanding of the historical biogeography of Laurencia in the Atlantic Ocean.

According to Miranda and Marques (2011), the two principal obstacles in the biogeographical works are (1) the reliability of species identifications and the consequent uncertainty of the presence of species in a given area, and (2) the difficulty in producing reliable cladograms from phylogenies.

In conclusion, it has been possible to establish a biogeographic pattern in Laurencia from the definition of areas of endemism and partial and secondary areas. This pattern has been linked to geological events that occurred in the past. Therefore, the recognition of new species from systematics studies and the clarification of taxonomic problems will allow researchers to continue developing a biogeographic hypothesis for the genus in the Atlantic Ocean.

Acknowledgements

The first author wishes to thank the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa and CONACyT. We also thank the following projects: UAMI, Consejo de la Div. C.B.S., (Sesión 15.14-131014) and Secretaría de Educación Pública-PROMEP (UAMI-CA-117), the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, 2014/00012-1), and CONACyT. Finally, we thank Michael Wynne for his comments on the manuscript.

References

Araujo, R., I. Bárbara, M. Tibaldo, E. Berecibar, P. Díaz-Tapia, R. Pereira, R. Santos & I. Sousa-Pinto. 2009. Checklist of benthic marine algae and cyanobacteria of Northern Portugal. Botanica Marina 52 (1): 24-46. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2009.026 [ Links ]

Athanasiadis, A. 1996. Taxonomisk litteratur och biogeografi av Skandinaviska rödalger och brunalger. Algologia, Göteborg. 280 p. [ Links ]

Augier, H., C.F. Boudouresque & J. Laborel. 1971. Végétation marine de l’Île de Port Cros (Parc National). VII. - Les peuplements sciaphiles profonds sur substrat dur. Bulletin du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Marseille 31: 153-183. [ Links ]

Ballesteros, E. 1981. Contribució al coneixement algològic de la Medi terrània Espanyola: algues bentòniques i litorales de Tossa de Mar (Girona). Bulletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural 46 (Sec. Bot. 4): 55-73. Avaliable online at: http://www.raco.cat/index.php/ButlletiICHN/article/view/235801/318064. [ Links ]

Bárbara, I., J. Cremades, S. Calvo, M.C. López-Rodríguez & J. Dosil. 2005. Checklist of the benthic marine and brackish Galician algae (NW Spain). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 62 (1): 69-100. [ Links ]

Barcelo, M. C. & J. A. Seoane. 1982. Aportació al coneixement de las algues marines de les costes del Pais Valencià. Collectanea Botanica 13 (2): 767-775. [ Links ]

Ben Maiz, N., C. F. Boudouresque, M. Laurent & R. Riouall. 1988. Inventaire bibliographique des macrophytes (Algues, Phanérogames) signales dans l’Etang de Thau (Herault, France). Naturalia Monspeliensia. Série Botanique 52: 71-84. [ Links ]

Bouxin, H. & A. H. Dizerbo. 1971. Les algues de l’Archipel des Glenan (Finistere). Botanica Rhedonica. Serie A (10): 199-226. [ Links ]

Brown, J. H. & M. V. Lomolino. 1998. Biogeography, 2nd edition. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts. 691 p. [ Links ]

Caraus, I. 2012. Algae of Romania: A distributional checklist of actual algae version 2.3, 3rd revision. University of Bacau, Bacau. 809 p. [ Links ]

Carvalho, L. R., M. T. Fujii, N. F. Roque & J. H. G. Lago. 2006. Aldingenin derivates from the red alga Laurencia aldingensis. Phytochemistry 67 (13): 1331-1335. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.04.020 [ Links ]

Cassano, V., M. T. M. de Széchy & M. T. Fujii. 2006. Laurencia caduciramulosa (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a recent introduction into the Atlantic Ocean? Cryptogamie Algologie 27 (3): 265-277. [ Links ]

Cassano, V ., M. C. Gil-Rodríguez, A. Sentíes & M. T. Fujii. 2008. Laurencia caduciramulosa (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the Canary Islands, Spain: a new record for the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Botanica Marina 51 (2): 156-158. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2008.021 [ Links ]

Cassano, V ., M. C. Oliveira, M. C. Gil-Rodríguez, A. Sentíes, J. Díaz-Larrea & M. T. Fujii. 2012a. Molecular support for the establishment of the new genus Laurenciella within the Laurencia complex (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). Botanica Marina 55 (4): 349-357. DOI: 10.1515/bot-2012-0133 [ Links ]

Cassano, V ., Y. Metti, A.J.K. Millar, M.C. Gil-Rodriguez, A. Senties, J. Diaz-Larrea, M.C. Oliveira & M.T. Fujii. 2012b. Redefining the taxonomic status of Laurencia dendroidea (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil and the Canary Islands. European Journal of Phycology 47 (1): 67-81. DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2011.647334 [ Links ]

Cecere, E., M. Comarci, G. Furnari, A. Petrocelli, O. Saracino & D. Serio. 1996. Benthic algal flora of Cheradi Islands (Gulf of Taranto, Mediterranean Sea). Nova Hedwigia 62 (1): 191-214. [ Links ]

Christia, C., I. Tziortzis, G. Fyttis, L. Kashta & E. Pastergiadou. 2011. A survey of the benthic aquatic flora in transitional water systems of Greece and Cyprus (Mediterranean Sea). Botanica Marina 54 (2): 169-178. DOI: 10.1515/bot.2011.016 [ Links ]

Cinelli, F. 1971. Alghe bentoniche di profundità raccolte alla punta S. Pancrazio nell’Isola di Ischia (Golfo di Napoli). Giornale Botanico Italiano 105: 207-236. DOI: 10.1080/11263507109426526 [ Links ]

Cires-Rodriguez, E. & C. Cuesta-Moliner. 2010. Checklist of benthic algae from the Asturias coast (North of Spain). Boletín Ciencias Naturales RIDEA 51: 135-212. [ Links ]

Collado-Vides, L., V. Mazzeí, T. Thyberg & D. Lirman. 2011. Spatio-temporal patterns and nutrient status of macroalgae in a heavily managed region of Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA. Botanica Marina 54 (4): 377-390. DOI: 10.1515/bot.2011.046 [ Links ]

Collado-Vides, L ., V. Cassano, J. Díaz-Larrea, A. Duran, A. Da-Silva-Medeiros, A. Sentíes & M. Toyota-Fujii. 2014. Spread of the introduced species Laurencia caduciramulosa (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) to t,he northwest Atlantic: A morphological and molecular analysis. Phytotaxa 183 (2): 93-107. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.183.2.2 [ Links ]

Cormaci, M., E. Lanfranco, J.A. Borg, S. Buttigieg, G. Furnari, S.A. Micallef, C. Mifsud, F. Pizzuto, B. Scammacca & D. Serio. 1997. Contribution to the knowledge of benthic marine algae on rocky substrata of the Maltese Islands (Mediterranean Sea). Botanica Marina 40 (1-6): 203-205. DOI: 10.1515/botm.1997.40.1-6.203 [ Links ]

Conde, F., A. Flores-Maya, J. Soto, M. Altamirano & A. Sánchez. 1996. Checklist of Andalusia (S. Spain) seaweeds III. Rhodophyceae. Acta Botánica Malacitana 21: 7-33. [ Links ]

Conde, F . & A. Flores-Maya. 2000. Nuevas adiciones al conocimiento de las macroalgas marinas de la isla de Alborán (Mediterráneo Occidental). Acta Botánica Malacitana 25: 180-184. [ Links ]

Coppejans, E. 1972. Resultats d’une étude systématique et écologique de la population algale des côtes rocheuses du Dramont, St Raphael (Var, France). Biologisch Jaarboek Dodonaea 40: 153-180. [ Links ]

Cowman, P.E & D.R. Bellwood. 2013. Vicariance across major marine biogeographic barriers: temporal concordance and the relative intensity of hard versus soft barriers. Proceeding of The Royal Society B 280 (1768): 1-8. DOI: 10.1098%2Frspb.2013.1541 [ Links ]

Creed, M., M. T. Fujii, M. B. de B. Barreto, S.M.P. de B. Guimarães, V. Cassano, S. M. B. Pereira, M. de F. de O. Carvalho & S. Khader. 2010. Rhodophyceae. In: Forzza, R.C. (Eds.). Catálogo de plantas e fungos do Brasil 1. Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, pp. 426-436. [ Links ]

De Valéra, M., C. Pybus, B. Casley & A. Webster. 1979. Littoral and benthic investigations on the west coast of Ireland X. Marine algae of the northern shores of the Burren, Co. Clare. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 79B: 259-269. [ Links ]

Diannelidis, T. 1953. Contribution à la connaissance des algues marines des Sporades du Nord (Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae). Praktika Hellenic Hydrobiology Institute 6: 41-84. [ Links ]

Diapoulis, A., S. Haritonidis & T. Koussouris. 1986. Spring benthic flora of Rhodos Island, Greece. Thalassographica 9: 49-57. [ Links ]

Díaz, P., I. Bárbara, A. Secilia, C. Peteiro, S. Calvo, N. Sánchez, A. Santolaria, I. Díez, T. Gallardo, J. Cremades & J. M. Gorostiaga. 2008. Adiciones corológicas a la flora bentónica marina del Cantábrico. Nova Acta Científica Compostelana (Bioloxía) 17: 177-189. [ Links ]

Dimitrova-Konaklieva, S.D. 1981. Geographical analysis on the marine algae of the Black Sea in the Ahtopol area. Phytology 18: 22-35. [ Links ]

Dixon, P. S. 1961. List of marine algae collected in the Channel Islands during the joint meeting of the British Phycological Society and the Société Phycologique de France September 1960. British Phyco logical Bulletin 2 (2): 71-80. DOI: 10.1080/00071616100650061 [ Links ]

Dizerbo, A. H. & E. Herpe. 2007. Liste et répartition des algues marines des côtes françaises de la Manche et de l’Atlantique, îles Normandes incluses. Éditions Anaximandre, Landerneau. 315 p. [ Links ]

Duncan, E. J. & L. M. Lee-Lum. 2006. A checklist of the marine macroalgae of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Caribbean Marine Studies 7: 1-96. [ Links ]

Edwards, P., E. Bird, B. Cotgreave, A. Cossins, K. Crompton, K. Fowler, D. Herdson & J. Hudson. 1975. Marine phytobenthos of the Castellabate (Ci lento) Natural Park, Salerno, Italy. Phytocoenologia 1 ( 4 ): 403-246. [ Links ]

Feldmann, J. 1954. Inventaire de la flore marine de Roscoff. Algues, champignons, lichens et spermatophytes. Travaux Station Biologique de Roscoff. Nouvelle Série (Supplement 6): 152 p. [ Links ]

Feoli, E. & G. Bressan. 1972. Affinità florística dei tipi di vegetazione bentonica della Cala di Mitigliano (Massa Lubrense, Napoli). Giornale Botanico Italiano 106 (5): 245-256. DOI: 10.1080/11263507209426553 [ Links ]

Fernández, C. & J. J. Alvarado. 2004. El arrecife coralino de Punta Coclas, costa Caribe de Costa Rica. Revista Biología Tropical 52 (Supplement 2): 121-129. [ Links ]

Fujii, M. T. & A. Sentíes. 2005. Taxonomia do complexo Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) do Brasil, com ênfase nas espécies dos estados de São Paulo e do Espírito Santo. In: Sentíes, A. & K.M. Dreckmann (Eds.). Monografías Ficológicas 2. UAM-Iztapalapa and Red Latinoamericana de Botánica, Cd. de Mexico. pp. 69-135. [ Links ]

Fujii, M. T ., S. M. P. B. Guimaraes, C. F. D. Gurgel & S. Fredericq. 2006. Characterization and phylogenetic affinities of the red algae Chondrophycus flagelliferus (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) from Brazil on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence. Phycologia 45 (4): 432-441. DOI: 10.2216/04-33.1 [ Links ]

Fujii, M. T ., V. Cassano, E. M. Stein & L. R. Carvalho. 2011. Overview of the taxonomy and of the major secondary metabolites and their biological activities related to human health of the Laurencia complex (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy 21 (2): 268-282. DOI: 10.1590/S0102-695X2011005000064 [ Links ]

Furnari, G., M. Comarci & D. Serio. 1999. Catalogue of the benthic marine macroalgae of the Italian coast of the Adriatic Sea. Bocconea 12: 5-214. [ Links ]

Furnari, G ., M. Cormaci & D. Serio. 2001. The Laurencia complex (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae) in the Mediterranean Sea: an overview. Cryptogamie, Algologie 22(4): 331-373. [ Links ]

Furnari, G ., G. Giaccone, M. Comarci, G. Alongi & D. Serio. 2003. Biodiversità marina delle coste italiane: catálogo de macrofitobenthos. Biologia Marina Mediterranea 10(1): 1-482. [ Links ]

Ganesan, E. K. 1990. A catalog of benthic marine algae and seagrasses of Venezuela. Fondo Editorial Conicit, Caracas. 237 p. [ Links ]

Garbary, D. J. & J. T. Harper. 1998. A phylogenetic analysis of the Laurencia complex (Rhodomelaceae) of the red algae. Cryptogamie, Algologie 19(3): 185-200. [ Links ]

Gil-Rodríguez, M. C., V. Cassano, E. Aylagas, A. Sentíes, J. Díaz-Larrea, M.C. Oliveira & M. T. Fujii. 2010. Palisada flagellifera (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the Canary Islands, Spain: a new record for the eastern Atlantic Ocean based on morphological and molecular evidence. Botanica Marina 53 (1): 31-40. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2010.010 [ Links ]

Gil-Rodríguez, M. C., M. T. Fujii, V. Cassano, M. Machín-Sánchez, E. Aylagas & A. Sentíes. 2012. Los géneros Laurencia, Laurenciella y Palisada (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) en las Islas Canarias. In: A Sentíes & K.M. Dreckmann (Eds.). Monografías Ficológicas 4. UAM-Iztapalapa and Universidad de La Laguna, Cd. de México. pp. 43-116 [ Links ]

Gómez-Garreta, A., T. Gallardo, M. A. Ribera, M. Cormaci, G. Furnari, G . Giaccone & C. F. Boudouresque. 2001. Checklist of the Mediterranean seaweeds III. Rhodophyceae Rabenh. 1. Ceramiales Oltm. Botanica Marina 44 (5): 425-460. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2001.051 [ Links ]

Gorostiaga, J. M., A. Santolaria, A. Secilia, C. Casares & I. Díez. 2004. Check-list of the Basque coast benthic algae (North of Spain). Anales Jardín Botánico de Madrid 61 (2): 155-180. [ Links ]

Guiry, M. D. 1978. A consensus and bibliography of Irish Seaweeds. Cramer, Vaduz. 287 p. [ Links ]

Guiry, M. D. & G. M. Guiry. 2017. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication. National University of Ireland, Ireland. Avaible online at: http://www.algaebase.org (downloaded March 25, 2017). [ Links ]

Hamel, C. 1928. Les algues de Vigo. Revue Algologique 4: 81-95. [ Links ]

Hardy, F. G. & M. D. Guiry. 2003. A check-list and atlas of the seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. British Phycological Society, London. 435 p. [ Links ]

Haroun, R. & W. F. Prud’homme van Reine. 1993. A biogeographical study of “Laurencia” and “Hypnea” species of the Macaronesian region. Courier Forshungsinstitut Senckenberg 159: 119-125. [ Links ]

Haroun, R. J., M.C. Gil-Rodríguez, J. Díaz de Castro & W.F. Prud’homme van Reine. 2002. A checklist of the marine plants from the Canary Islands (central eastern Atlantic Ocean). Botanica Marina 45 (2): 139-69. [ Links ]

Hoffman, R., M. Sternberg & D. Serio. 2014. First report of Laurencia chondrioides (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) and its potential to be an invasive in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Botanica Marina 57 (6): 449-457. DOI: 10.1515/bot-2014-0053 [ Links ]

Ippi, S. & V. Flores. 2001. Las tortugas neotropicales y sus áreas de endemismo. Acta Zooogica Mexicana 84: 49-63. [ Links ]

John, D. M., W. F. Prud’homme van Reine, G. W. Lawson, T. B. Kostermans & J. H. Price. 2004. A taxonomic and geographical catalogue of the seaweeds of the western coast of Africa and adjacent islands. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 127: 1-339. [ Links ]

Kamenarska, Z., A. Ivanova, R. Stancheva, M. Stoyneva, K. Stefanov, S. Dimitrova-Konaklieva & S. Popov. 2006. Volatile compounds from some Black Sea red algae and their chemotaxonomic application. Botanica Marina 49 (1): 47-56. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2006.006 [ Links ]

Kamenarska, Z ., J. Serkedjieva, H. Najdenski, K. Stefanov, I. Tsvetkova, S. Dimitrova-Konaklieva & S. Popov. 2009. Antibacterial, antiviral, and cytotoxic activities of some red and brown seaweeds from Black Sea. Botanica Marina 52 (1): 80-86. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2009.030 [ Links ]

Kerswell, A. P. 2006. Global biodiversity patterns of benthic marine algae. Ecology 87 (10): 2479-2488. DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2479:GBPOBM]2.0.CO;2 [ Links ]

Klein, J. & M. Verlaque. 2005. Laurencia caduciramulosa Masuda et Kawaguichi (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta), first record for the Mediterranean coast of France. Cryptogamie Algologie 26: 209-216. [ Links ]

Klein, J. C. & M. Verlaque. 2011. Macroalgae newly recorded, rare or introduced to the French Mediterranean coast. Cryptogamie Algologie 31 (2): 111-130. DOI: 10.7872/crya.v32.iss2.2011.111 [ Links ]

Lipkin, Y. & P. C. Silva. 2002. Marine algae and seagrasses of the Dahlak Archipielago, southern Red Sea. Nova Hedwigia 75 (1-2): 1-90. DOI: 10.1127/0029-5035/2002/0075-0001. [ Links ]

Littler, D. S. & M. M. Littler. 1997. An illustrated flora of Pelican Cays, Belize. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 9: 1-149. [ Links ]

Littler, D. S ., M. M. Littler & M. D. Hanisak. 2008. Submersed plants of the Indian River Lagoon. OffShore Graphics, Washington, D.C. 286 p. [ Links ]

Machín-Sánchez, M., V. Cassano, J. Díaz-Larrea, A. Sentíes, M.T. Fujii & M. C. Gil-Rodríguez. 2012. Morphological and molecular evidence demonstrate the amphi-Atlantic distribution of Laurencia catarinensis (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). Botanica Marina 55 (3): 241-252. DOI: 10.1515/bot-2011-0049 [ Links ]

Machín-Sánchez, M ., L. Le Gall, A.I. Neto, F. Rousseau, V. Cassano, A. Sentíes, M.T. Fujii, J. Díaz-Larrea, W.F. Prud’homme van Reine, C. Bonillo & M.C. Gil-Rodríguez. 2014. A combined barcode and morphological approach to the systematics and biogeography of Laurencia pyramidalis and Laurencia marilzae (Rhodophyta). European Journal of Phycology 49 (1): 115-127. DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2014.893017 [ Links ]

Martin-Lescanne, J., F. Rousseau, B. De Reviers, C. Payri, A. Couloux, C. Cruaud & L. Le Gall. 2010. Phylogenetic analyses of the Laurencia complex (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) support recognition of five genera: Chondrophycus, Laurencia, Osmundea, Palisada and Yuzurua stat. nov. European Journal of Phycology 45 (1): 51-61. DOI: 10.1080/09670260903314292 [ Links ]

Martínez-Gil, M., T. Gallardo, P. Díaz & I. Bárbara. 2007. Aportación al conocimiento de las algas marinas bentónicas del litoral comprendido entre el estuario del Rio Quejo y Punta de la Mesa, Noja, Cantabria, España. Botánica Complutense 31: 41-53. [ Links ]

Mateo-Cid, L.E., A. C. Méndoza-González, A. Sentíes, J. Díaz-Larrea & J. A. A. Calderon. 2014. Laurencia laurauertana sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta): an epiphytic species from the Mexican Caribbean. Phycological Research 62 (2): 94-101. DOI: 10.1111/pre.12043 [ Links ]

Medina, R.C. et al. 2007. Empleo de herramientas panbiogeográficas para detectar áreas para conservar: Un ejemplo con taxones dulceacuícolas. In: Luna, I., J. J. Morrone & D. Espinosa (Eds.). Biodiversidad de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana. UNAM, Ciudad de México. Pp. 449-460. [ Links ]

Metti, Y., A. J. Millar & P. Steinberg. 2015. A new molecular phylogeny of the Laurencia complex (Rhoodophyta, Rhodomelaceae) and a review of key morphological characters result in a new genus, Coronaphycus, and a description of C. novus. Journal of Phycology 51 (5): 929-942. DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12333 [ Links ]

Miranda, T. P. & A. C. Marques. 2011. Abordagens atuais em biogeografía marinha. Current approaches in marine biogeography. Revista da Biología (Vol. Esp. Biogeografía): p. 41-48. DOI: 10.7594/revbio.07.08 [ Links ]

Morrone, J. J. 2007. Evolutionary Biogeography: An Integrative Approach. Columbia University Press, New York. 301p. [ Links ]

Morrone, J. J. 2013. Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) revisited. Journal of Biogeography 41 (5): 842-854. DOI: 0.1111/jbi.12251 [ Links ]

Morton, O. 1994. Marine algae of Northern Ireland. Ulster Museum, Botanic Gardens, Belfast. 123 p. [ Links ]

Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of Country Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society 27: 3-165. [ Links ]

Munda, I. M. 1979. Some Fucacean associations from the vicinity of Rovinj, Istrian Coast, northern Adriatic. Nova Hedwigia 31: 607-666. [ Links ]

Nam, K. W. 1999. Morphology of Chondrophycus undulatus and C. parvipapillata and its implications for the taxonomy of the Laurencia (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) complex. European Journal of Phycology 34: 455-468. [ Links ]

Nam, K. W. 2006. Phylogenetic re-evaluation of the Laurencia complex (Rhodophyta) with a description of L. succulenta sp. nov from Korea. Journal of Applied Phycology 18: 679-697. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-006-9073-3 [ Links ]

Nam, K. W. 2007. Validation of the generic name Palisada (Rhodomela ceae, Rhodophyta). Algae 22 (2): 53-55. [ Links ]

Nam, K. W., C. A. Maggs & D. J. Garbary. 1994. Resurrection of the genus Osmundea with an emendation of the generic delineation of Laurencia (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 33 (5): 384-395. DOI: 10.2216/i0031-8884-33-5-384.1 [ Links ]

Neto, A. I. 1994. Checklist of the benthic marine macroalgae of the Azores Archipélago. Life and Marine Sciences 12A: 15-34. [ Links ]

Neto, A. I., D. C. Cravo & R. J. Haroun. 2001. Checklist of the benthic marine plants of the Madeira Archipiélago. Botánica Marina 44 (4): 391-414. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2001.049 [ Links ]

Nixon, K. C. 1999. Winclada (beta) ver 0.9.9. Published for the author, Ithaca, New York. [ Links ]

Norris, J. N. & K. E. Bucher. 1982. Marine algae and seagrasses from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. In: Rützler K. & I. G. Macintyre (Eds.). The Atlantic Barrier Reef Ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. I. Structure and Communities. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences 12. pp. 167-223. [ Links ]

Núñez-Resendiz, M. L., K. M. Dreckmann, A. Sentíes, J. Diaz-Larrea & G. C. Zuccarello. 2015. Genetically recognizable but not morphologically: the cryptic nature of Hydropuntia cornea and H. usneoides (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in the Yucatan Peninsula. Phycologia 54 (4): 407-416. DOI: 10.2216/15-009.1 [ Links ]

Oliveira, A. S., D. B. Sudatti, M. T. Fujii, S. V. Rodríguez & R. C. Pereira. 2013. Inter-and intrapopulation variation in the defensive chemistry of the red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 52 (2): 130-136. DOI: 10.2216/12-058.1 [ Links ]

Ortega, M. M., J. L. Godínez & G. Garduño Solórzano. 2001. Catálogo de algas bentónicas de las costas mexicanas del Golfo de México y Mar Caribe. Cuadernos del Instituto de Biología 34: 1-594. [ Links ]

Peña, V. & I. Bárbara. 2008. Maërl community in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula: a review of floristic studies and long-term changes. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystem 18: 339-366. [ Links ]

Pérez-Ruzafa, I. & M. Honrubia. 1984. Aportación al conocimiento de la flora algal bentónica de la costa murciana. III. Anales de Biología 2 (Sección Especial 2): 135-146. [ Links ]

Pérez-Ruzafa, I. M. 1990. Fenología de las algas del Mar Menor (Murcia, SE de España). Botanica Complutensis 16: 21-36. [ Links ]

Platnick, N. I. 1991. On areas of endemism. Australian Systematic Botany 4: 6-7. [ Links ]

Rindi, F., G. Sartoni & F. Cinelli. 2002. A floristic account of the benthic marine algae of Tuscany (Western Mediterranean Sea). Nova Hedwigia 74(1-2): 201-250. DOI: 10.1127/0029-5035/2002/0074-0201 [ Links ]

Rodríguez-Prieto, C., G. Michanek & C. Ivon. 1999. Benthic marine algae from Martinique (Lesser Antilles). Scientia Gerudensis 24: 79-86. [ Links ]

Rodríguez-Prieto, C . & L. Polo-Albertí. 1988. Aportación a la fenología de algas bentónicas de substrato duro de la Costa Brava (Gerona). Actes del Simposi Internacional de Botànica Pius Font I Quer 1, Criptogamia: 143-149. [ Links ]

Rodríguez-Prieto, C . & L. Polo-Albertí. 1998. Anàlisi fitosociològica de la comunitat de Cystoseira mediterranea de Palamós (Mediterrània nordoccidental). Acta Botanica Barcinonensia 45: 141-156. [ Links ]

Rosen, B. R. 1988. From fossil to earth history: Applied historical biogeography. In: Myers, A.A. & P. Giller (Eds.). Analytical biogeography: an integrated approach to the study of animal and plant distributions. Wiley, Chichester, Sussex. pp. 201-262. [ Links ]

Rousseau, F., D. Gey, A. Kurihara, C.A. Maggs, J. Martin-Lescanne, C. Payri, B. de Reviers, A.R. Sherwood & L. Le Gall. 2017. Molecular phylogenies support taxonomic revision of three species of Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta), with the description of new genus. European Journal of Taxonomy 269: 1-19. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.269 [ Links ]

Saito, Y. 1967. Studies on Japanese species of Laurencia with special reference to their comparative morphology. Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University 15: 1-81. [ Links ]

Sales, M. & E. Ballesteros. 2010. Long-term comparison of algal assemblages dominated by Cystoseira crinite (Fucales, Heterokontophyta) from Cap Corse (Corsica, north western Mediterranean. European Journal of Phycology 45 (4): 404-412. DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2010.498585 [ Links ]

Schneider, C.W. & C.E. Lane. 2005. Notes on the marine algae of the Bermudas.7. Additions to the flora, including Chondracanthus saundersii sp. nov. (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) based on rbcL sequence analysis. Phycologia 44: 72-83. [ Links ]

Schneider, C. W., C. E. Lane & G. W. Saunders. 2010. Notes on the marine algae of the Bermudas. 11. More additions to the benthic flora and a phylogenetic assessment of Halymenia pseudofloresii (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) from its type locality. Phycologia 49 (2): 154-168. DOI: 10.2216/PH09-46.1 [ Links ]

Schnetter, R. 1976. Nuevas algas benticas del litoral Caribe de Colombia. Caldasia 11 (53): 57-60. [ Links ]

Sentíes, A . & M. T. Fujii. 2002. El complejo Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) en el Caribe Mexicano. In: Sentíes, A . & K.M. Dreckmann (Eds.). Monografías Ficológicas 1. UAM-Iztapalapa and Red Latinoamericana de Botánica, Cd. de Mexico. pp. 119-192. [ Links ]

Sentíes, A ., A. Areces, J. Díaz-Larrea & M.T. Fujii. 2010. First records of Lau rencia caduciramulosa and L. minuscula (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the Cuban archipelago. Botanica Marina 53 (5): 433-438. DOI: 10.1515/bot.2010.048 [ Links ]

Serio, D., G. Furnari & M. Comarci. 2004. On the occurrence of Laurencia pyramidalis Bory ex Kutzing (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) in the Mediterranean Sea. Cryptogamie Algologie 25 (4): 329-336. [ Links ]

Serio, D ., G. Alongi, M. Catra, M. Comarci & G. Furnari. 2006. Changes in the benthic algal flora of Linosa Island (Straits of Sicily, Mediterranean Sea). Botanica Marina 49 (2): 135-144. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2006.018 [ Links ]

Silva, P. C., E. G. Meñez & R. L. Moe. 1987. Catalog of the benthic marine algae of the Philippines. Smithsonian Contributions to Marine Sciences 27: 1-179. DOI: 10.5479/si.1943667X.27.1 [ Links ]

Silva, P. C, P. W. Basson & R. L. Moe. 1996. Catalogue of the benthic ma rine algae of the Indian Ocean. University of California Publications in Botany 79: 1-1259. [ Links ]

Skage, M., T.M. Gabrielsen & J. Rueness. 2005. A molecular approach to investigate the phylogenetic basis of three widely used species groups in the red algae genus Ceramium (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 44: 353-360. [ Links ]

Soto, J. & F. Conde. 1989. Catálogo florístico de las algas bentónicas marinas del litoral de Almería (Sureste de España). Botánica Complutense 15: 61-83. [ Links ]

Spalding, M. K. et al. 2007. Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience 57 (7): 573-583. DOI: 10.1641/B570707 [ Links ]

Stegenga, H., J. J. Bolton & R. J. Anderson. 1997. Seaweeds of the South African west coast. Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town. 655 p. [ Links ]

Stokes, K., K. O’Neill & R.A. McDonald. 2004. Invasive species in Ireland. Unpublished report to Environment & Heritage Service and Natural Parks & Wildlife Service, Belfast. 152 p. [ Links ]

Suárez, A. M. 2005. Lista de las macroalgas marinas cubanas. Revista de Investigaciones Marinas 26 (2): 93-148. [ Links ]

Suárez, A. M., B. Martínez-Daranas & Y. Alfonso. 2015. Macroalgas marinas de Cuba. Editorial UH, La Habana. 264 p. [ Links ]

Tapia-Silva, F. O., O. E. Hernández-Cervantes, M. I. Vilchis-Alfaro, A. Sentíes & K. M. Dreckmann. 2015. Mapping of algae richness using spatial data interpolation. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing ans Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3: 1005-1008. DOI: 10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-7-W3-1005-2015 [ Links ]

Taskin, E., M. Öztürk, O. Kurt & M. Özturk. 2008. The check-list of the marine algae of Turkey. Ecem Kirtasiye, Manisa. 87 p. [ Links ]

Taskin, E ., M. Öztürk, O. Kurt & S. Uclay. 2013. Benthic marine algae in the Northern Cyprus (eastern Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Enviroment 19 (2): 143-161. [ Links ]

Taylor, W. R. 1960. Marine algae of the eastern tropical and subtropi cal coasts of the Americas. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. 870 p. [ Links ]

Taylor, W. R. 1969. Notes on the distribution of West Indian marine algae particularly in the Lesser Antilles. Contribution from the University of Michigan Herbarium 9: 125-203. [ Links ]

Tittensor, D. P., C. Mora, W. Jetz, H. K. Lootze, D. Ricard, E. V. Berghe & B. Worm. 2010. Global patterns and predictors of marine biodiversity across taxa. Nature Letters 466 (7310): 1098-1103. DOI: 10.1038/nature09329 [ Links ]

Tittley I. & A. I. Neto. 1994. “Expedition Azores 1989”: Benthic marine algae (seaweeds) recorded from Faial and Pico. Archipélago. Life and Marine Sciences 12A: 1-13. [ Links ]

Tittley, I., A. I. Neto & M. I. Parente. 2009. The marine algal (seaweed) flora the Azores: additions and amendments 3. Botanica Marina 52 (3): 7-14. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2005.030 [ Links ]

Torrano-Silva, B. N. & Oliveira, E. C. 2013. Macrophytobenthic flora of the Abrolhos Archipelago and the Sebastião Gomes Reef, Brazil. Conti nental Shelf Research 70: 150-158. DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2013.09.019 [ Links ]

Tsiamis, K., A. F. Peters, D. N. Shewring, A. O. Asensi, P. Van West & F. C. Küpper. 2014a. Marine benthic algal flora of Ascension Island, South Atlantic. Journal of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom [advance access]: 1-8. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315414000952 [ Links ]

Tsiamis, K., E. Taskin, S. Orfanidis, P. Stavrou, M. Argyrou, P. Panayotidis, T. Tsioli, B. A. Cicek, M. Marcou & F. C. Küpper. 2014b. Checklist of seaweeds of Cyprus (Mediterranean Sea). Botanica Marina 57 (3): 153-166. DOI: 10.1515/bot-2014-0006 [ Links ]

Tsikira, A. & S. Haritonidis. 2005. A survey of the benthic flora in the National Marine Park of Zakynthos (Greece). Botanica Marina 48 (1): 38-45. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2005.002 [ Links ]

Tuya, F. &R. J. Haroun . 2009. Phytogeography of Luisitanian Macaronesia: biogeographic affinities in species richness and assemblage composition. European Journal of Phycology 44 (3): 405-413. DOI: 10.1080/09670260902836246 [ Links ]

Vargas, S., H.M. Guzman & O. Breedy. 2008. Distribution patterns of the genus Pacifigorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): track compatibility analysis and parsimony analysis of endemicity. Journal of Biogeo-graphy 35 (2): 241-247. [ Links ]

Veiga, A. J., J. Cremades & I. Bárbara. 1998. A catalogue of the benthic ma rine algae of the Sisargas Islands (N.W. Iberian Peninsula, Spain). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (Suppl. 5): 481-493. [ Links ]

Verlaque, M. 2001. Checklist of the macroalgae of Thau Lagoon (Hérault, France), a hot spot of marine species introduction in Europe. Oceanologica Acta 24 (1): 29-49. DOI: 10.1016/S0399-1784(00)01127-0 [ Links ]

Vilchis, M.I., K.M. Dreckmann, E.A. García-Trejo, O.E. Hernández & A. Sentíes. 2018. Patrones de distribución de las grandes macroalgas en el Golfo de México y Caribe mexicano: Una contribución a la biología de la conservación. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 89, núm. 1. [ Links ]

Villaça, R., A. C. Fonseca, V. K. Jensen & B. Knoppers. 2010. Species composition and distribution of macroalgae on Atol das Rocas, Brazil, SW Atlantic. Botanica Marina 53 (2): 113-122. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2010.013 [ Links ]

Womersley, H. B. S. 2003. The marine benthic flora of southern Australia - Part IIID Ceramiales - Delesseriaceae, Sarcomeniaceae, Rhodomelaceae. Australian Biological Resources Study/State Herbarium of South Australia, Canberra/Adelaide. 533 p. [ Links ]

Wynne, M. J. 2008. A checklist of the benthic marine algae of the coast of Texas. Gulf of Mexico Science 2008 (1): 64-87. [ Links ]

Wynne, M. J. 2017. A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic: fourth revisión. Nova Hedwigia Beihefte 145: 7-202. [ Links ]

Wynne, M. J., T. Bradshaw & C. M. S. Carrington. 2014. A checklist of the benthic marine algae of Barbados, West Indies. Botanica Marina 57 (3): 167-184. DOI: 10.1515/bot-2014-0007 [ Links ]

Received: May 31, 2017; Accepted: October 30, 2017

*E-mail: oehc90@gmail.com

Creative Commons License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

 
Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco N° 186, Colonia Vicentina, A.P. 55-535, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, MX, 09340, (52-55) 5804-6475 ext. 3053, (52-55) 5804-4600