Servicios Personalizados
Revista
Articulo
texto en 
Inglés (pdf)
Artículo en XML
Referencias del artículo
Traducción automática
Enviar artículo por emailIndicadores
-
Citado por SciELO -
Accesos
Links relacionados
-
Similares en
SciELO
Compartir
Permalink
Agrociencia
versión On-line ISSN 2521-9766versión impresa ISSN 1405-3195
Agrociencia vol.40 no.2 Texcoco mar./abr. 2006
Recursos Naturales Renovables
Niveles y patrones de variación química en resinas de las hojas del género Abies del norte de México
1Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Campus Morelia. Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro Núm. 8701. Colonia Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta. 58190. Morelia, Michoacán. (espinosa@ate.oikos.unam.mx)
El género Abies se caracteriza por dificultades en su taxonomía, pues la hibridación interespecífica es frecuente y presenta alta variación morfológica intraespecífica. Así, las propuestas para clasificar a las especies de Abies son discordantes. En este estudio se analizó por cromatografía de gases la composición de la fracción volátil de las resinas foliares de 11 poblaciones de cuatro especies de Abies del norte de México (dos A. concolor, tres A. durangensis, dos A. coahuilensis y cuatro A. vejari), para explorar las relaciones filogenéticas y los niveles de diferenciación entre especies y poblaciones. Los análisis multivariados y fenéticos revelan poca diferenciación entre especies. Además, ningún resultado coincide con los esquemas taxonómicos actuales. Se encontró mucha variación entre poblaciones dentro de los taxa (39.42%) y poca entre éstos (1.69%), corroborándose la inconsistencia en la definición de las especies y variedades propuestas para el norte de México. Estos resultados sugieren que las poblaciones de Abies analizadas posiblemente forman parte de variedades en proceso de diferenciación que se originaron de las migraciones al sur de Abies concolor, o que dichas poblaciones se diferenciaron entre ellas, pero un contacto genético posterior favoreció su homogeneización.
Palabras clave: Abies coahuilensis; Abies concolor; Abies durangensis; Abies vejari; quimiotaxonomía; terpenoides
Frequent interspecific hybridization of the genus Abies poses difficulties in its taxonomic classification causing broad morphological intraspecific variation. Thus, the proposals for classifying species of Abies are discordant. In this study the composition of the volatile fraction of leaf resins of 11 populations of four species of Abies of northern México (two A. concolor, three A. durangensis, two A. coahuilensis and four A. vejari) was analyzed by gas chromatography to explore the Phylogenetic relationships and levels of differentiation among Species and populations. The multivariate and phenetic analyses reveal little differentiation among species. Also, none of the results coincide with present taxonomic schemes. Broad variation was found among populations within the taxa (39.42%) and little among these (1.69%). This corroborates inconsistency in the definition of the species and varieties proposed for northern Mexico. These results suggest that the populations of Abies analyzed possibly form part of varieties that are undergoing a process of differentiation that originated from southern migrations of Abies concolor, or that these populations differentiated among themselves, but later genetic contact favored homogenization.
Key words: Abies coahuilensis; Abies concolor; Abies durangensis; Abies vejari; chemiotaxonomy; terpenoids
LITERATURA CITADA
Adams, R. P. 1995. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, Illinois, USA. 469 p. [ Links ]
Adams, R. P. 2000. Systematics of the one seeded Juniperus of the eastern hemisphere based on leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Bioch. Sys. Ecol. 28: 529-543. [ Links ]
Adams, R. P., A. E. Schwarzbach, and R. N. Pandey. 2003. The concordance of terpenoid, ISSR and RAPD markers, and ITS sequence data sets among genotypes: an example from Juniperus. Bioch. Sys. Ecol. 31: 375-387. [ Links ]
Aguirre-Planter, E., G. R. Furnier, and L. E. Eguiarte. 2000. Low levels of genetic variation within and high levels of genetic differentiation among populations of species of Abies from southern Mexico and Guatemala. Am. J. Bot. 87: 362-371. [ Links ]
Bagci, E., and M. T. A. Babac. 2003. Morphometric and chemosystematic study on the Abies Miller (Fir) species in Turkey. Acta Botanica Gallica 150: 355-367. Read as abstract in Cambridge Abstracts in Biology AN: 20033184097. [ Links ]
Cope, E. A. 1983. Chemosystematic affinities of a California population of Abies lasiocarpa. Madroño 30: 110-114. [ Links ]
Debreczy, R. 1994. News Brief. International Dendrological Research Institute, Inc. 6: 1-8. [ Links ]
Fady, B., M. Arbez, and A. Marpeau. 1992. Geographic variability of terpene composition in Abies cephalonica Loudon an Abies species around the Aegean: Hypotheses for their possible phylogeny from the Miocene. Trees 6: 162-171. [ Links ]
Farjon, A., and K. D. Rushforth. 1989. A classification of Abies Miller (Pinaceae). Notes Royal of the Botanical Garden Edinburg 46: 59-79. [ Links ]
Forey, P. L., C. J. Humphries, I. L. Kitching, R. W. Scotland, D. J. Siebert, and D. M. Williams. 1992. Cladistics. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 191 p. [ Links ]
Frankel, O. H., and M. E. Soulé. 1981. Conservation and Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, USA. 327 p. [ Links ]
Furnier, G. R., Y. G. Nava-Cruz, A. Keiman, E. Aguirre, F. Espinosa, and L. E. Eguiarte. 1996a. Genetic variation in the Mexican Abies. Proceedings of the 14th North American Forest Biology Workshop. Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada. p. 100. [ Links ]
Furnier, G. R., Y. G. Nava-Cruz, A. Keiman, E. Aguirre, F. Espinosa, and L. E. Eguiarte. 1996b. Variaton in isozymes and foliar resin chemical composition in the Abies of northern Mexico. Proceedings of the Western Forest Genetics Association Meeting, Newport, Oregon, USA. pp: 9. [ Links ]
Furnier, G. R., Y. G. Nava-Cruz, A. Keiman, E. Aguirre, F. Espinosa, and L. E. Eguiarte. 1996c. Isozyme and foliar terpene variation in the Abies of northern Mexico. 47th Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Biological Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA. Supplement of the Am. J. Bot. 83: 157. [ Links ]
Hanover, J. W. 1992. Applications of terpene analysis in forest genetics. New For. 6: 159-178. [ Links ]
Hartl, D. L., and A. G. Clark. 1989. Principles of Population Genetics, 2nd. Ed. Sinauer Association. Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. 682 p. [ Links ]
Hillig, K. W. 2004. A chemotaxonomic analysis of terpenoid variation in Cannabis. Bioch. Syst. and Ecol. 32: 875-891. [ Links ]
Hunt, R. S., and E. von Rudloff. 1974. Chemosystematic studies in the genus Abies, I. Leaf and twig oil analysis of alpine and balsam firs. Can. J. Bot. 52: 477-487. [ Links ]
Hunt, R. S., and E. von Rudloff. 1979. Chemosystematic studies in the genus Abies. IV. Introgression in Abies lasiocarpa and Abies bifolia. Taxon 28: 297-305. [ Links ]
Karban, R., and I. T. Baldwin. 1997. Induced Responses to Herbivory. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA. 319 p. [ Links ]
Kendall, M. 1980. Multivariate Analysis. Charles Griffin Company LTD, 2nd ed. London, UK. 210 p. [ Links ]
Kossuth, S. V., and E. L. Barnard. 1983. Monoterpene content of healthy sand pine and sand pine with root disease. For. Sci. 29: 791-797. [ Links ]
Lang, K. J. 1994. Abies alba Mill.: Differentiation of provenances and provenance groups by the monoterpene patterns in the cortex resin of twigs. Bioch. Syst. Ecol. 22: 53-63. [ Links ]
Langenheim, J. H. 2003. Plant Resins. Chemistry, Evolution, Ecology, and Ethnobotany. Timber Press, Portland, USA. 586 p. [ Links ]
Liu, T. 1971. A Monograph of the Genus Abies. Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China. 608 p. [ Links ]
Martínez, M. 1948. Las Pináceas de México. Anales del Instituto de Biología. No. 1 Tomo XIX. Instituto de Biología. México D. F. pp: 11-107. [ Links ]
Martínez, M. 1953. Las Pinaceas Mexicanas. Secretaría de Agricultura y Ganadería. Subsecretaría de Recursos Forestales y de Caza. Mexico D. F., México. 366 p. [ Links ]
Meffe, G. K., and C. R. Carroll. (eds). 1994. Principles of Conservation Biology. Sinauer Association. Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. 729 p. [ Links ]
Otto, A., and V. Wilde. 2001. Sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids as chemosystematic markers in extant conifers a review. Bot. Rev. 67: 2, 141-238. [ Links ]
Otto, A., B. R. T. Simoneit, W. C. Rember. 2003. Resin compounds from the seed cones of three fossil conifer species from the Miocene Clarkia flora, Emerald Creek, Idaho, USA, and from related extant species. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 126: 225-241. [ Links ]
Parker, W. H., J. Maze, E. Bennett, T. A. Cleveland, and G. McLachlan. 1984. Needle flavonoid variation in Abies balsamea and Abies lasiocarpa from western Canada. Taxon 33: 1-12. [ Links ]
Pla, L. 1986. Analisis Multivariado: Método de Componentes Principales. Programa Regional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico. Washington, D.C., USA. pp: 1-48. [ Links ]
Roussis, V., M. Couladis, O. Tzakou, A. Loukis, P. V. Petrakis, N. M. Dukic, and R. Jancic. 2000. A comparative study on the needle volatile constituents of three Abies species grown in South Balkans. J. Ess. Oil Res. 12: 41-46. [ Links ]
Rushforth, K. 1987. Conifers. Facts on File Publications. Oxford, England. 232 p. [ Links ]
Rzedowski, J. 1978. Vegetación de México. Limusa, Mexico D. F., México. 432 p. [ Links ]
Sabor, J., and K. Skrzyszewska. 2002. The role of genetic terpene markers in selection and taxonomy of forest tree species. Part II. Study of forest tree species genetic population structure. [Polish] Sylwan 146: 49-60. Read as abstract in Cambridge Abstracts in Biology AN: 20033004254. [ Links ]
Savage, T. J., M. W. Hatch, and R. Croteau. 1994. Monoterpene Synthases of Pinus contorta and related conifers. J. Bot. Chem. 269: 4012-4020. [ Links ]
Schiller, G., and A. Genizi. 1993. An attempt to identify the origin of Pinus brutia Ten. Plantations in Israel by needle tesin composition. Silvae Genetica 42: 63-68. [ Links ]
Sneath, P. H. A., and R. R. Sokal. 1973. Numerical Taxonomy. Freeman Editorial, San Francisco, USA. 573 p. [ Links ]
St. Clair, J. B., and W. B. Critchfield. 1988. Hybridization of a Rocky Mountain fir (Abies concolor) and a Mexican fir (Abies religiosa). Can. J. For. Res. 18: 640-643. [ Links ]
Swofford, D. L. 1989. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP). Version 3.0. Illinois Natural History Survey. Champaign, Illinois, USA. [ Links ]
White, E. E., and J. E. Nilsson. 1984. Foliar terpene heretability in Pinus contorta. Silvae Genetica 33: 16-22. [ Links ]
Recibido: Noviembre de 2004; Aprobado: Noviembre de 2005
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
