Parasitismo natural de la palomilla dorso de diamante Plutella xylostella L. en canola (Brassica napus L.), en el norte de Sinaloa, México

Cortez-Mondaca, Edgardo; Macías-Cervantes, Jaime; Cortez-Mondaca, Edgardo; Macías-Cervantes, Jaime

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Agrociencia

versión On-line ISSN 2521-9766versión impresa ISSN 1405-3195

Agrociencia vol.41 no.3 Texcoco abr./may. 2007

Protección vegetal

Parasitismo natural de la palomilla dorso de diamante Plutella xylostella L. en canola (Brassica napus L.), en el norte de Sinaloa, México

Edgardo Cortez-Mondaca¹

Jaime Macías-Cervantes¹

^¹Campo Experimental Valle del Fuerte. INIFAP. Apartado Postal 342. Juan José Ríos, Sinaloa, México. (cortez.edgardo@inifap.gob.mx)

Resumen

La palomilla dorso de diamante (PDD) Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) es la plaga más importantes de las crucíferas. Reduce severamente el rendimiento y la calidad de la cosecha, y tiene la característica de desarrollar fácilmente poblaciones resistentes a insecticidas sintéticos y biológicos que se usan para su combate. Este estudio se realizó en el Campo Experimental Valle del Fuerte del INIFAP, en Juan José Ríos, Sinaloa, en un cultivo de canola Brassica napus L. var. napus (Brassicaceae) sin aplicación de insecticidas. Se obtuvieron larvas y pupas de la PDD y sus parasitoides en hojas recolectadas durante la etapa de formación y llenado de vaina. Los parasitoides fueron identificados por taxónomos especialistas. Se determinó el parasitismo natural, el porcentaje de mortalidad de la PDD por causas desconocidas, así como la relación densodependiente hospederoparasitoide. Los parasitoides obtenidos fueron: Diadegma insulare (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Cotesia sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) y Conura sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). D. insulare presentó un parasitismo de 25.0 a 80% (promedio 49.5%); Cotesia sp. entre 0.0 y 75.0% (promedio 23.1%); y Conura sp., entre 0.0 y 20% (promedio 3.2%). D. insulare tuvo una estrecha relación densodependiente con el hospedero (R²=0.85).

Palabras clave: Brassica spp.; Conura sp.; Cotesia sp.; Diadegma insulare; Plutella xylostella; relación densodependiente

Abstract

The diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is the most important pest of crucifers. It severely reduces harvest yield and quality and easily develops populations resistant to synthetic and biological insecticides that are used for its control. This study was conducted in the INIFAP Valle del Fuerte experimental station in Juan José Ríos, Sinaloa, México in canola Brassica napus L. var. napus (Brassicaceae) where insecticides were not applied. Diamondback moth (DBM) larvae and pupae and its parasitoids were obtained from leaves collected during the stage of pod formation and filling. The parasitoids were identified by taxonomy specialists. Natural parasitism, percentage of DBM mortality from unknown causes, and the host-parasitoid density-dependent ratio were determined. The parasitoids obtained were Diadegma insulare (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Cotesia sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Conura sp (Hymenoptera:Chalcididae). D. insulare exhibited 25.0 to 80% parasitism (average 49.5%); Cotesia sp. between 0.0 and 75.0% (average 23.1%), and Conura sp. between 0.0 and 20% (average 3.2%). D. insulare had a close density-dependent relationship with the host (R²=0.85).

Key words: Brassica spp.; Conura sp.; Cotesia sp.; Diadegma insulare; Plutella xylostella; density-dependent ratio.

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Recibido: Mayo de 2006; Aprobado: Febrero de 2007

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