Inoculación, síntomas, y colonización en árboles de manzano en contenedor por Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert

Todd-Watson, Wesley; Nye-Appel, David; Aloysius-Arnold, Michael; Miller-Kenerley, Charles; Lester-Star, James; Martínez-Trinidad, Tomás; Todd-Watson, Wesley; Nye-Appel, David; Aloysius-Arnold, Michael; Miller-Kenerley, Charles; Lester-Star, James; Martínez-Trinidad, Tomás

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Agrociencia

versión On-line ISSN 2521-9766versión impresa ISSN 1405-3195

Agrociencia vol.41 no.4 Texcoco may./jun. 2007

Protección vegetal

Inoculación, síntomas, y colonización en árboles de manzano en contenedor por Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert

Wesley Todd-Watson¹

David Nye-Appel²

Michael Aloysius-Arnold³

Charles Miller-Kenerley²

James Lester-Star²

Tomás Martínez-Trinidad¹

^¹Department of Forest Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. 77843-2133. (t-watson@tamu.edu).

^²Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132.

^³Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133.

Resumen

El conocimiento de las tasas de de infección y colonización de patógenos de suelo en cultivos perennes es importante debido a que contribuye a determinar medidas de control de manera oportuna. Se llevaron a cabo estudios para evaluar los síntomas y colonización de raíces de manzano por Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert en contenedor durante 1997 y 1998 en College Station, Texas (EE.UU.). Árboles de tres años de edad en contenedores de 114 L fueron inoculados usando esclerocios. Los síntomas se detectaron después de nueve semanas y 100% de los árboles inoculados presentaron síntomas después de 15 semanas; en otros árboles inoculados al año siguiente sólo hubo 80% con síntomas de infección que se presentaron después de 12 semanas. En otro experimento se evaluó el movimiento del patógeno de raíces infectadas a raíces saludables de árboles adyacentes a través de raíces vivas, raíces muertas, y del suelo. A pesar de que se detectaron cordones miceliales 10 d después de la inoculación y que la viabilidad de esclerocios permaneció en 83% al final del experimento, no ocurrió una transmisión considerable ni la dispersión del hongo a través de las raíces de manzano o del suelo.

Palabras clave: Phymatotrichum omnivorum; enfermedades de raíz; patógenos del suelo; pudrición texana

Abstract

The understanding of infection and colonization rates of soilborne pathogens on perennial crops is critical for determining proper timing of appropriate control measures. Studies were conducted to evaluate symptoms and colonization of roots of containerized apple trees by Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert during 1997 and 1998 at College Station, TX (USA). Three-year-old trees growing in 114 L containers were inoculated with sclerotia. Symptoms were detected after nine weeks, and 100% of the inoculated trees showed symptoms after 15 weeks. In another set of trees inoculated the second study year, there were only 80% showing symptoms of infection after 12 weeks. A separate experiment was developed to evaluate pathogen movement along live roots, dead roots, and through bare soil from an infected tree to adjacent healthy trees. Although fungal strands were visible within 10 days after inoculation and the viability of sclerotia was still around 83%, the experiment failed to produce extensive colonization and spread of the fungus on roots of apple trees or through the soil.

Key words: Phymatotrichum omnivorum; root diseases; soil pathogens; Texas root rot

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Recibido: Febrero de 2006; Aprobado: Marzo de 2007

Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons