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Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana
versión impresa ISSN 1405-3322
Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex vol.57 no.1 Ciudad de México ene. 2005
https://doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2005v57n1a1
Artículos
La Megacizalla Mojave-Sonora: la hipótesis, la controversia y el estado actual de conocimiento
The Mojave-Sonora megashear hypothesis: the controversy and the present state of knowledge
1Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
El modelo de la megacizalla Mojave-Sonora, el cual implica desplazamiento lateral izquierdo en el norte de México durante el Jurásico, permanece como una de las ideas más influyentes en la geología del país. Una revisión general de la literatura relacionada con el tema no permite aún resolver la controversia sobre la validez de la hipótesis, pero una conclusión clara es que la hipótesis original estaba basada en un modelo relativamente simplista de la geología de Sonora, ya que el basamento del terreno Caborca no es un simple fragmento de la corteza Mojave del este de California. Intentos de utilizar métodos cuantitativos han dado resultados contrarios a la hipótesis, como el de las rotaciones horarias indicadas por el paleomagnetismo y la diversidad de basamentos en Caborca que sugieren la geocronología y geoquímica; otros métodos producen resultados indeterminados, como la proveniencia de circones en las cuarcitas de la cobertura del terreno Caborca. La conclusión más relevante de esos estudios es la abundancia de circones de edad Grenvilleana, pero su presencia no puede simplemente atribuirse a fuentes en la Provincia Grenville en un modelo fijista. Las correlaciones estratigráficas entre secuencias Paleozoico tardío y Mesozoico en Caborca y secuencias similares en California y Nevada no producen argumentos convincentes a favor de grandes desplazamientos, pero deben considerarse con datos más detallados. Elementos que podrían evaluar la hipótesis con mayor contundencia son estudios más detallados del basamento, una estratigrafía fina del arco volcánico Jurásico y de las rocas volcanoclásticas al sur de la traza inferida de la falla y un mejor conocimiento de la secuencia miogeosinclinal. Son pocos los estudios estructurales en la región y en particular un problema importante es resolver en tiempo y espacio los efectos de la deformación compresional Cretácico-terciario. Un modelo que no entra en conflicto con la evidencia existente es la propuesta de que el desplazamiento del terreno parautóctono Caborca haya ocurrido en el Paleozoico tardío. Sin embargo, los datos existentes y las relaciones geológicas en la región de Caborca, no requieren de un desplazamiento de cientos de kilómetros en el Jurásico Tardío.
Palabras clave: Megacizalla Mojave-Sonora; terreno Caborca; noroeste de México; Proterozoico
The Mojave-Sonora megashear model, which implies left-lateral strike slip motion of northern Mexico in Jurassic time, remains as one of the most influential ideas in the geology of Mexico. A comprehensive review of the literature related to this topic does not yet allow to resolve the controversy over the validity of this hypothesis. A clear conclusion is that the original hypothesis was based on a relatively simplistic model of the geology of Sonora, as the basement of the Caborca terrane is not simply a fragment of the Mojave Precambrian basement Province of eastern California. Attempts to use quantitative techniques in testing the model have yielded results contrary to the hypothesis, such as clockwise rotations indicated by paleomagnetic data, and the diversity and complexity of the basement of Caborca indicated by geochemical and geochronological data. Other quantitative methods such as zircon provenance studies in quartzites of the sedimentary cover yield non-conclusive results. The main conclusion of the studies of detrital zircons is that Grenvillean zircons are relative abundant, but their presence cannot be attributed solely to sources in the Grenville Province in a fixist model. Stratigraphic correlations of upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks in Caborca with similar sequences in California and Nevada do not provide convincing arguments of large displacement, but should be evaluated in more detail. Elements that have the potential to test the hypothesis with greater certainty include detailed studies of basement rocks, a refined stratigraphy of the Jurassic volcanic and volcaniclastic arc rocks south of the inferred fault trace, and better understanding of depositional trends in the miogeoclinal sequence. Structural studies are sparse in the region. In particular, is important to gain a better understanding of the effects in time and space of Late Cretaceous-Tertiary contractional deformation. A tectonic evolution model that does not conflict the existing data is the proposal that displacement of a parautochtonous Caborca terrane may have occurred in the Late Paleozoic. Nonetheless, available data and geologic relations in the Caborca region do not require Late Jurassic slip of several hundred kilometers.
Key words: Mojave-Sonora megashear; Caborca terrane; northwestern Mexico; Proterozoic
Agradecimientos
Este trabajo fue apoyado por el programa PAPIITUNAM, proyecto IN-22002 y parcialmente por el proyecto T-3286 de CONACyT. Los autores agradecen las revisiones de T. Calmus, C. González-León y T. H. Anderson, que contribuyeron de manera importante a mejorar este manuscrito.
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Recibido: 10 de Octubre de 2004; Revisado: 08 de Enero de 2005; Aprobado: 10 de Enero de 2005
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
