Biotecnología

 

Coenzyme Q₁₀ microparticles formation with supercritical carbon dioxide

 

Formación de micropartículas de coenzima Q₁₀ con dióxido de carbono supercrítico

 

C.H. Ortiz-Estrada^1,2*, C. Y. Díaz-Díaz², J. Cruz-Olivares³ y C. Pérez-Alonso³

 

¹ División Científica-PF, Comisión Nacional de Seguridad-SEGOB, Av. Constituyentes 947, Col. Belén de las Flores, Deleg. Álvaro Obregón, C.P. 01110, México, D.F. *Autor para la correspondencia. E-mail: ciro.ortiz@cns.gob.mx Tel. 52 55 5277 0596.

² Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México. Prol. Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, C.P. 01219, México, D.F.

³ Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan esq. Paseo Colón s/n, C.P. 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, México.

 

Recibido 4 de Noviembre 2014
Aceptado 15 de Febrero de 2015

 

Abstract

Coenzyme Q₁₀ is a powerful antioxidant used on cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and cancer diseases. Its hydrophobic nature do limit its applications, because human body absorbs it with difficulty, that is why it was proposed to increase its bioavailability by diminishing the particle size using supercritical carbon dioxide. It was determined experimentally the phase behavior of the coenzyme in a supercritical system. The equilibrium data and a factorial 2^k experimental design were utilized to find how the shape and _tize of the microparticles are affected by temperature, coQ₁₀ concentration and nozzle diameter. Microparticles were characterized using infrared spectrometry and chromatography. For verify the fundamental chemical structure, the size and the shape of trie microparticles was used scanning electronic microscopy. It was found a significant decrease in particle size and a modification of physical structure. The antioxidant power of coQ₁₀ after micronization was meas ured, showing an increase of this property. Finally, in order to evaluate the bioavailability, the kinetic of solubility was determined in elhanol, having a substantial increase on solubilization speed of micronized coQ₁₀ compared with the commercial one.

Key words: coenzyme Q₁₀, bioavailability, micronization, supercritical carbon dioxide.

 

Resumen

La coenzima Q₁₀ es un potente antioxidante utilizado en las enfermedades cardiovasculares, neurodegenerativas y el cáncer. Su naturaleza hidrofóbica limita sus aplicaciones, ya que el cuerpo humano la absorbe con dificultad, es por eso que se propone aumentar su biodisponibilidad al disminuir el tamano de partícula utilizando dióxido de carbono supercrítico. Se determinó experimentalmente el comportamiento de fases de la coenzima en un sistema supercrítico. Los datos de equilibrio y un diseño experimental factorial 2^k se utilizaron para encontrar cómo la forma y el tamaño de las micropartículas se ven afectados por la temperatura, la concentración de coQ₁₀ y diámetro de la boquilla. Las micropartículas se caracterizaron mediante espectrometría de infrarrojo y cromatografía. Para verificar la estructura química fundamental, el tamaño y la forma de las micropartículas se utilizó microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se encontró una disminución significativa en el tamaño de partícula y una modificación de la estructura física. El poder antioxidante de coQ₁₀ micronizada se incremento de manera importante. Por último, con el fin de evaluar la biodisponibilidad, se determinó la cinética de la solubilidad en etanol, y se encontró un aumento sustancial en la velocidad de solubilización de la coQ₁₀ micronizada en comparación con la coenzima Q₁₀ comercial.

Palabras clave: coenzima Q₁₀, biodisponibilidad, micronización, dióxido de carbono supercrítico.

 

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Acknowledgements

Authors wish to acknowledge the grant obtained from the Mexican National Council of Sciences and Technology, given through the project 83842.

 

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