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Revista odontológica mexicana
versión impresa ISSN 1870-199X
Rev. Odont. Mex vol.10 no.4 Ciudad de México dic. 2006
https://doi.org/10.22201/fo.1870199xp.2006.10.4.15890
Trabajos originales
Sangrado oral espontáneo en niños con neoplasias malignas: Su relación con la trombocitopenia
Spontaneous oral bleeding in children with malignant neoplasm. Its relation with trombocytopenia
* Alumno de Doctorado en Patología Oral - DOD/UFRN.
§ Pediatra y Hematóloga Clínica - Prof. de la Facultad de Medicina - UFRN.
II Dr. Prof. Titular del Programa de Posgrado en Patología Oral - DOD/UFRN.
Diversos estudios han demostrado la asociación de trombocitopenia con la ocurrencia de sangrado en pacientes con neoplasias malignas, estados de inmunosupresion o el uso de medicamentos. En el presente estudio se evaluó la ocurrencia de sangrado oral espontáneo en 40 niños con neoplasias malignas y si existía relación entre esta complicación estomatológica con el tipo de neoplasia, tratamiento y el conteo plaquetario. Dos niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda y 4 con leucemia mieloblástica aguda desarrollaron conjuntamente 10 episodios de sangrado oral espontáneo, principalmente en la gingiva, coincidiendo la mayoría de éstos con periodos de trombocitopenia. El test exacto de Fisher no mostró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la ocurrencia de sangrado oral espontáneo entre los niños con neoplasias sistémicas y aquéllos con tumores sólidos (p = 0.067); sin embargo, estadísticamente, los niños con neoplasias sistémicas y con trombocitopenia tuvieron mayor riesgo de presentar esa complicación (OR = 10.93 y OR = 8.077 respectivamente). El sangrado coincidió con el uso acentuado metotrexato y la citarabina. Concluimos que el riesgo de sangrado oral espontáneo en niños con neoplasias malignas es alto, sobre todo en aquéllos acometidos por neoplasias sistémicas. Por otro lado, la presencia de sangrado oral espontáneo puede ser considerada como un indicio precoz de trombocitopenia severa en esos pacientes.
Palabras clave: Neoplasias sistémicas; tumores sólidos; trombocitopenia; sangrado oral espontáneo
Several studies have demonstrated the association of thrombocytopenia with the occurrence of bleeding in patients with malignant neoplasia, immunosuppressive states or the use of anticoagulant medicine. In this paper we evaluated the occurrence of spontaneous bleeding in 40 children with malignant neoplasia and its relation between this disease verifying its relation to this oral complication, the type of neoplasm, treatment and platelet counts. Two children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 4 with acute myelogenous leukemia developed 10 episodes of spontaneous oral bleeding, mainly in gingival areas, coinciding most of them with thrombocytopenic states. The Fisher's exact test does not show significant difference in the occurrence of spontaneous oral bleeding between children with systemic neoplasm and solid tumours (p = 0.067); nevertheless, statistically, children with systemic neoplasm and thrombocytopenia had a higher risk of presenting this complication (OR = 10.93 y OR = 8.077 respectively). The bleeding coincided with the use of methotrexate and cytarabine. It was concluded that the risk of spontaneous oral bleeding in children with malignant neoplasm is higher, mainly in children with systemic neoplasm. On the other hand, the occurrence of spontaneous oral bleeding can be considered as an early sign of thrombocytopenia in these patients.
Key words: Systemic neoplasm; solid tumours; thrombocytopenia; spontaneous oral bleeding
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