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Introduction
Trichoptera is the most diverse order of water-dependent insects. The caddisflies are widely distributed around the world and currently there are about 16,300 known species (Morse, 2019), of which 602 are found in Mexico. These holometabolous insects inhabit a wide diversity of aquatic microhabitats becoming key components of food web, as well as excellent indicators of water quality (Springer, 2010).
The State of Oaxaca is located in southeastern Mexico (Fig. 1) and covers an area of approximately 95,364 km2, equivalent to 4.8% of the country´s total area (García-Mendoza et al., 2004; INEGI, 2016). Based on the biogeographic regionalization proposed by Morrone et al. (2017), Oaxaca is part of the Balsas Basin, Sierra Madre del Sur, Veracruzan, Pacific Lowlands and Chiapas Highlands provinces (Fig. 1), belonging to the Mexican Transition Zone and the Neotropical region. This state has a vast mosaic of climates, ranging from semi-warm humid and sub-humid to semi-cold and temperate humid in the higher elevations (Trejo, 2004), associated with a wide range of temperatures and a great variety of vegetation types, among which the high evergreen forest and the montane cloud forest stand out (Arriaga et al., 2000).
Figure 1 Geographic location of Oaxaca State and the biogeographic provinces that it encompasses. SMS = Sierra Madre del Sur, BB = Balsas Basin, PL = Pacific Lowlands, VER = Veracruzan, CH = Chiapas Highlands.
Until this work, Oaxaca ranked third in caddisfly biodiversity in the country with 161 species, after Chiapas (188) and Veracruz (180), but its fauna has long remained unknown. The first inventory conducted by Bueno-Soria (2010a) reported 102 species. However, the number of known Trichoptera species has increased considerably since then due to: 1) a study at Santa Catarina Lachatao (Razo-Gonzalez, 2018), 2) a literature compilation of species recorded from Oaxaca, 3) and more recently, to a study conducted in the Sierra de Juárez (Razo-Gonzalez et al., 2023).
Since the publication of Bueno-Soria (2010a), several new distribution records and descriptions of new species have been published, making a new list necessary as a starting point for future studies on Trichoptera diversity from Oaxaca, and Mexico. In an effort to provide relevant information to the inventory of biological diversity in Mexico and the world, the state distribution for each species was also included, endemic taxa were noted, and the distribution of Mexican caddisflies in other countries was detailed.
Material and methods
Distribution data of species from Oaxaca were obtained through a comprehensive review of published literature, including catalogues, taxonomic reviews, the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México´s open data portal (DGRU, 2023), and the Trichoptera World Checklist (Morse, 2023). Some records that have not been published yet were included in this compilation, records come from biological material collected in the field and deposited in the National Insect Collection of the Institute of Biology at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (CNIN-IBUNAM). The bibliographic citations of the records corresponding to Oaxaca were mentioned in parentheses at the end of the distribution of each species.
The list of Mexican caddisflies was structured according to the classification scheme proposed by Holzenthal et al. (2007) for the suborders and that of Wiggins and Wichard (1989) for the lower taxonomic categories, and the genera and species were ordered alphabetically. The valid names of the species, the author and year, the references where distribution records for Oaxaca are reported, their synonyms and geographic distribution is detailed, and the endemic species for Oaxaca and Mexico are stated. For distribution outside Mexico, the work of Holzenthal and Calor (2017) was employed.
The biogeographic provinces included in Oaxaca follow the criteria of Morrone et al. (2017), the abbreviations used to name these provinces are: Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS), Balsas Basin (BB), Pacific Lowlands (PL), Veracruzan (VER) and Chiapas Highlands (CH) (Fig. 1). A map of species richness by state also was produced. To construct the species accumulation curve, the number of new records for Oaxaca per year was counted, the total number of species accumulated per year from 1950 to date was calculated, and finally the graph was constructed.
Results
This research provides a checklist of the caddisflies of the state of Oaxaca, which includes 14 families, 44 genera and 216 species (Table 1), representing 35.88% of the species of Trichoptera recorded from Mexico. The richest families in Oaxaca are (Table 1): Hydroptilidae (13 genera, 45 spp.), Philopotamidae (2 genera, 34 spp.), Hydropsychidae (8 genera, 29 spp.), and Glossosomatidae (3 genera, 27 spp.). These families represent 62.21% of the caddisflies richness in Oaxaca. As part of the field-collected material, 9 species were recorded for the first time for Oaxaca (Table 2).
Table 1 Families and number of subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species reported from Oaxaca, Mexico.
| Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Species |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calamoceratidae | - | - | 2 | 4 |
| Glossosomatidae | 1 | - | 3 | 27 |
| Helicopsychidae | - | - | 2 | 11 |
| Hydrobiosidae | - | - | 1 | 12 |
| Hydropsychidae | 4 | 2 | 8 | 29 |
| Hydroptilidae | 1 | 5 | 13 | 45 |
| Lepidostomatidae | 1 | - | 1 | 8 |
| Leptoceridae | 2 | 4 | 4 | 17 |
| Limnephilidae | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Odontoceridae | 1 | - | 1 | 4 |
| Philopotamidae | 1 | - | 2 | 34 |
| Polycentropodidae | 1 | - | 3 | 20 |
| Psychomyiidae | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Xiphocentronidae | - | - | 2 | 5 |
Table 2 Species recorded for the first time in Oaxaca, Mexico.
| Species | Locality | Coordinates | Altitude (m asl) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Smicridea
soyatepecana Bueno-Soria, 1986 |
San Juan Bautista
Valle Nacional, San Mateo Yetla |
17°45’27” N
96°18’54” W |
130 |
|
Hydroptila
longissimus
Bueno-Soria, 1984 |
San Pedro Yaneri,
San Juan Tepanzacoalco |
17°24’18” N
96°22’15” W |
1,320 |
|
Byrsopteryx
tabasquensis
Bueno-Soria, Santigo-Fragoso, Barba-Álvarez, 2001 |
San Juan Bautista
Valle Nacional, San Mateo Yetla |
17°45’27” N
96°18’54” W |
130 |
|
Leucotrichia
extraordinaria
Bueno-Soria, Santigo-Fragoso, Barba-Álvarez, 2001 |
San Pedro Yaneri,
San Juan Tepanzacoalco |
17°24’18” N
96°22’15” W |
1,320 |
|
Metrichia
longitudinis
Bueno-Soria, 2002 |
Santiago Comaltepec,
San Martín Soyolapam |
17°41’47” N
96°16’54” W |
136 |
|
Nectopsyche
gracilis
(Banks, 1901) |
Santiago Comaltepec,
San Martín Soyolapam |
17°41’47” N
96°16’54”W |
136 |
|
Oecetis
marquesi
Bueno-Soria,1981 |
San Pedro Yaneri,
San Juan Tepanzacoalco |
17°24’18” N
96°22’15” W |
1,320 |
|
Chimarra
cornuta Ross, 1959 |
San Juan Bautista
Valle Nacional, San Mateo Yetla |
17°45’27” N
96°18’54” W |
130 |
|
Coenocentron trilineatum
(Mosely, 1934) |
San Juan
Bautista Valle Nacional, San Mateo Yetla |
17°45’27”
N 96°18’54” W |
130 |
This is the first work that synthesizes the information on the caddisflies registered in Oaxaca, and makes it the most species-rich state in Mexico (Table 3). The families Calamoceratidae, Limnephilidae, Odontoceridae and Psychomyiidae are the poorest represented. Guanajuato, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, and Yucatán were not included in this checklist due to the lack of caddisfly records for them.
Table 3 Number of species of caddisflies by state in Mexico. Ags = Aguascalietes, BC = Baja California, BCS=Baja California Sur, Cam = Campeche, Chis = Chiapas, Chih = Chihuahua, Coa = Coahuila, Col = Colima, CdMx = Ciudad de México, Dgo = Durango, EdoM = Estado de México, Gro = Guerrero, Hgo = Hidalgo, Jal = Jalisco, Mich = Michoacán, Mor = Morelos, Nay = Nayarit, NL = Nuevo León, Oax = Oaxaca, Pue = Puebla, SLP = San Luis Potosí, Sin = Sinaloa, Son = Sonora, Tab = Tabasco, Tam = Tamaulipas, Tlax = Tlaxcala, Ver = Veracruz, Zac = Zacatecas.
| Families | Calamomceratidae | Ecnomiidae | Glossosomatidae | Helicopsychidae | Hyrobiosidae | Hydropsychidae | Hydroptilidae | Lepidostomatidae | Lepetoceridae | Limnephilidae | Odontoceridae | Philopotamidae | Polycentropodidae | Xiphocentronidae | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| States | |||||||||||||||
| Ags | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| BC | 1 | - | - | 2 | 1 | 4 | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | - | 23 |
| BCS | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | 3 |
| Cam | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 5 |
| Chis | 2 | - | 19 | 9 | 6 | 22 | 48 | 2 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 29 | 27 | 7 | 188 |
| Chih | 2 | 1 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 11 | 32 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 4 | - | 92 |
| Coa | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 |
| Col | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 3 |
| CdMx | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | - | 1 | 2 | 13 |
| Dgo | 1 | - | 2 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 6 | - | 53 |
| EdoM | - | - | 4 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 50 |
| Gro | 2 | 1 | 12 | 7 | 1 | 18 | 40 | 1 | 2 | - | 2 | 20 | 6 | - | 112 |
| Hgo | - | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 1 | - | 3 | 2 | - | 35 |
| Jal | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | - | - | 3 | - | 1 | 4 | 3 | - | 20 |
| Mich | 1 | - | 6 | 4 | 1 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 2 | - | 1 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 52 |
| Mor | 2 | - | 6 | 3 | 4 | 13 | 19 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 4 | - | 65 |
| Nay | - | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 7 | 2 | - | 14 |
| NL | - | - | 2 | 5 | - | 5 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 47 |
| Oax | 4 | - | 27 | 11 | 12 | 29 | 45 | 8 | 16 | 1 | 4 | 34 | 20 | 5 | 216 |
| Pue | - | - | 9 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 5 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 38 |
| SLP | 2 | 1 | 5 | - | 1 | 12 | 24 | - | 7 | - | 1 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 76 |
| Sin | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - | 3 | 2 | - | 17 |
| Son | 1 | - | 1 | - | 3 | 8 | - | 1 | - | 2 | 10 | - | - | 26 | |
| Tab | - | - | 7 | 4 | 1 | 14 | 44 | - | 4 | - | 2 | 14 | 5 | 6 | 101 |
| Tam | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 8 | - | 2 | - | 1 | 7 | 4 | - | 32 |
| Tlax | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ver | 4 | 1 | 20 | 5 | 7 | 25 | 50 | 3 | 19 | 1 | 2 | 21 | 15 | 7 | 180 |
| Zac | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | 3 |
Bueno-Soria et al. (2022) reported in their work that Xiphocentron julus is distributed in Oaxaca; however, as we could not find the publication where this record is reported, we consulted Bueno-Soria directly, who carried out a revision and noted that there is an error to be corrected in the aforementioned publication, as X. julus has not been collected in Oaxaca (Bueno-Soria, pers. comm.).
Checklist
Suborder Annulipalpia
Superfamily Hydropsychoidea
Family Hydropsychidae Curtis, 1835
Subfamily Diplectroninae Ulmer, 1951
Diplectrona chiapensisFlint, 1967
Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Estado de México, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Razo-González, 2018).
Diplectrona solitariaBueno-Soria, 1986
Mexico (Oaxaca). Endemic to Oaxaca (Bueno-Soria, 1986).
Subfamily Hydropsychinae Curtis, 1835
Cheumatopsyche gelita Denning, 1952
Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Durango, Estado de México, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas), USA (Razo-González, 2018).
Hydropsyche ancestralis (Ross & Unziker, 1977)
Mexico (Oaxaca). Endemic to Oaxaca (Ross & Unziker, 1977).
Hydropsyche delrio Ross, 1941
Mexico (Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), USA (DGRU, 2023).
Hydropsyche toschiae (Denning, 1965)
Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Estado de México, Guerrero, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz) (Razo-González, 2018).
Plectropsyche hoogstraali Ross, 1947
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Estado de México, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Bueno-Soria, 2010a; Bueno-Soria & Barba-Álvarez, 2015).
Plectropsyche velascoiBueno-Soria & Barba-Álvarez, 2015
Mexico (Estado de México, Guerrero, Nuevo León, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Bueno-Soria & Barba-Álvarez, 2015). Endemic to Mexico.
Subfamily Macronematinae Ulmer, 1905
Tribe Macronematini Ulmer, 1905
Centromacronema auripenne (Rambur, 1842)
= Centromacronema cupreum (Walker, 1852)
= Centromacronema niveistigma (Walker, 1860)
= Centromacronema abjurans (Walker, 1860)
= Centromacronema quadrifurca (Walker, 1860)
= Centromacronema extensum Banks, 1913
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978; Holzenthal, 1988a).
Centromacronema oaxacensis Bueno-Soria, in Flint et al., 1999
Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Bueno-Soria, 1986). Endemic to Mexico.
Leptonema albovirens (Walker, 1852)
Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, St. Vincent, Tobago, Trinidad, USA, Venezuela (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Leptonema championi Mosely, 1933
Guatemala, Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Flint et al., 1987).
Leptonema crassum Ulmer, 1905
Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela (Flint et al., 1987).
Leptonema moselyiFlint, McAlpine & Ross, 1987
Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Estado de México, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca) (Flint et al., 1987). Endemic to Mexico.
Leptonema pinotepaBueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso & Barba-Álvarez, 2001
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria et al., 2001). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Leptonema plicatum Mosely, 1933
Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (DGRU, 2023).
Leptonema simulans mayanumFlint, McAlpine & Ross, 1987
Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Flint et al., 1987).
Macronema variipenneFlint & Bueno-Soria, 1979
Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama (Flint & Bueno-Soria, 1979; Holzenthal, 1988a).
Tribe Polymorphanisini Lestage, 1936
Synoestropsis punctipennis Ulmer, 1905
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico (Campeche, Oaxaca), Nicaragua, Peru (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Subfamily Smicrideinae Flint, 1974
Smicridea (Smicridea) bulara Flint & Denning, 1989
Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco), Trinidad (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Smicridea (Smicridea) dampfiFlint, 1974
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco) (Razo-González et al., 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Smicridea (Smicridea) lacanhaBueno-Soria & Hamilton, 1986
Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca) (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Smicridea (Smicridea) pochutlaBueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso & Barba-Álvarez, 2001.
Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria et al., 2001). Endemic to Mexico.
Smicridea (Smicridea) varia (Banks, 1913)
Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Ciudad de Mexico, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Morelos, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama (Flint, 1974a).
Smicridea (Smicridea) soyatepecanaBueno-Soria, 1986
Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Tabasco) (new state record). Endemic to Mexico.
Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) dispar (Banks, 1905)
Mexico (Estado de México, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora) (Flint, 1974a; Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Mexico.
Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) dithyraFlint, 1974
Argentina, Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tabasco, Veracruz) (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) radulaFlint, 1974
Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama (Flint, 1974a).
Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) signata (Banks, 1903)
Guatemala, Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Ciudad de Mexico, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, USA (Flint, 1974a).
Superfamily Philopotamoidea Stephens, 1829
Family Philopotamidae Stephens, 1829
Subfamily Philopotaminae Stephens, 1829
Wormaldia arizonensis (Ling, 1938)
Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Estado de México, Nuevo León, Oaxaca), USA (Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015).
Wormaldia barbai Muñoz-Quesada, 2003
Mexico (Michoacán, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015). Endemic to Mexico.
Wormaldia dampfi Ross & King, 1956
Mexico (Chiapas, Nuevo León, Oaxaca), Nicaragua (Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015).
Wormaldia dorsata Ross & King, 1956
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978). Endemic to Mexico.
Wormaldia isela Muñoz-Quesada, 2003
Mexico (Nuevo León, Oaxaca) (Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015). Endemic to Mexico.
Wormaldia lumaBueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1986
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1986; Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Wormaldia navarroae Muñoz-Quesada, 2003
Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca) (Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015). Endemic to Mexico.
Wormaldia noveloiRazo-González, 2018
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Wormaldia palma Ross & King, 1956
Colombia, Mexico (Oaxaca) (Razo-González, 2018).
Wormaldia planae Ross & King, 1956
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Martinique, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, St. Vincent, Tobago, Trinidad, USA, Venezuela (Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015).
Wormaldia tarascaBueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1986
Mexico (Estado de México, Guerrero, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz) (Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015; Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Mexico.
Subfamily Chimarrinae Rambur, 1842
Chimarra (Chimarra) acutaRoss, 1959
= Chimarra (Chimarra) bonetiRoss, 1959
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Estado de México, Guerrero, Jalisco, Morelos, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Blahnik, 1998).
Chimarra (Chimarra) angustipennis (Banks, 1903)
Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico (Baja California, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Guerrero, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, USA, Venezuela (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Chimarra (Chimarra) beameri Denning, 1950
= Chimarra (Chimarra) calvaRoss, 1959
Belize, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), USA (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Chimarra (Chimarra) bicolor (Banks, 1901)
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Chimarra (Chimarra) butleri Denning, 1962
Mexico (Chihuahua, Oaxaca, Sonora), USA (Razo-González, 2018).
Chimarra (Chimarra) cornutaRoss 1959
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca) (new state record). Endemic to Mexico.
Chimarra (Chimarra) curfmaniRoss, 1959
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978; Blahnik, 1998). Endemic to Mexico.
Chimarra (Chimarra) dentosa Ross, 1948b
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978; Bueno-Soria, 2010a).
Chimarra (Chimarra) elia Ross, 1944
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Baja California, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Veracruz), Nicaragua, USA (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Chimarra (Chimarra) embiaRoss, 1959
= Chimarra (Chimarra) rizona Denning, 1962
= Chimarra (Chimarra) spicula Denning, 1962
= Chimarra (Chimarra) stellula Denning, 1962
El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Chimarra (Chimarra) flinti Bueno-Soria, 1985
Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco), Nicaragua, Panama, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela (Bueno-Soria, 1985).
Chimarra (Chimarra) oaxacaBlahnik, 1998
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Blahnik, 1998). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Chimarra (Chimarra) ortizianaFlint, 1967
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz) (Blahnik, 1998).
Chimarra (Chimarra) pelaezi Bueno-Soria, 1985
Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca) (Blahnik, 1998). Endemic to Mexico.
Chimarra (Chimarra) ridleyi (Denning, 1941)
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Guerrero, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Nicaragua, USA (Blahnik, 1998).
Chimarra (Chimarra) schizaRoss, 1959
Mexico (Guerrero, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas), USA (Ross, 1959; Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Chimarra (Chimarra) setosaRoss, 1959
Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Chihuahua, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Chimarra (Curgia) barrettae (Banks, 1900)
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama (Flint, 1998).
Chimarra (Curgia) blepharopheraFlint, 1998
Mexico (Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca) (Flint, 1998). Endemic to Mexico.
Chimarra (Curgia) lagunaRoss, 1951
= Chimarra (Curgia) brustiaRoss, 1959
= Chimarra (Curgia) alamosa Denning, 1962
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Colima, Estado de México, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Flint, 1998).
Chimarra (Curgia) mexicana (Banks, 1900)
Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Guerrero, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora, Veracruz) (Flint, 1998).
Chimarra (Curgia) nasutaFlint, 1998
Mexico (Guerrero, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Flint, 1998). Endemic to Mexico.
Chimarra (Curgia) texana (Banks, 1920)
Mexico (Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), USA (Flint, 1998; Razo-González, 2018).
Family Polycentropodidae Ulmer, 1903
Subfamily Polycentropodinae Ulmer, 1903
Cernotina calcea Ross, 1938
Mexico (Michoacán, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz), Nicaragua, USA (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Cernotina chiapanecaBueno-Soria, 2010
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca) (Razo-González et al., 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Cernotina taeniataRoss, 1951
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco), Nicaragua, Panama (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978; Holzenthal, 1988a).
Cernotina zanclanaRoss, 1951
Belize, Mexico (Oaxaca) (Ross, 1951; Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Polycentropus aliciaeBarba-Álvarez & Bueno-Soria, 2005
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Barba-Álvarez & Bueno-Soria, 2005). Endemic to Mexico.
Polycentropus ariensis Denning & Sykora, 1966
Mexico (Estado de México, Guerrero, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla) (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978; Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Mexico.
Polycentropus aztecusFlint, 1967
Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Estado de México, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Veracruz), USA (Bueno-Soria, 2010a; Razo-González, 2018).
Polycentropus casicus Denning & Sykora, 1966
Mexico (Durango, Estado de México, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Mexico.
Polycentropus encera Denning & Sykora, in Denning. 1971
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz) (Bueno-Soria, 2010a.). Endemic to Mexico.
Polycentropus giovannaeBarba-Álvarez & Bueno-Soria, 2005
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Barba-Álvarez & Bueno-Soria, 2005). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Polycentropus mayanus Flint, 1981
Costa Rica, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco), Nicaragua (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Polycentropus mexicanus (Banks, 1901)
Mexico (Chiapas, Ciudad de México, Oaxaca) (Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Mexico.
Polycentropus mixtecoBarba-Álvarez & Bueno-Soria, 2005
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Barba-Álvarez & Bueno-Soria, 2005). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Polycentropus palmitusFlint, 1967
Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Sinaloa) (Bueno-Soria, 2010a). Endemic to Mexico.
Polycentropus veracruzensis Flint, 1981
Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz) (Bueno-Soria, 2010a). Endemic to Mexico.
Polycentropus zanclus Flint, 1981
Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Bueno-Soria, 2010a).
Polyplectropus carolaeBueno-Soria, 1990
Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Razo-González et al., 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Polyplectropus charlesi (Ross, 1941)
Mexico (Chiapas, Durango, Guerrero, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, USA (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Polyplectropus hamatusBueno-Soria, 1990
Belize, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca) (Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010).
Polyplectropus oaxaquensisBueno-Soria, 1990
Mexico (Oaxaca), Peru (Bueno-Soria, 1990; Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010).
Family Xiphocentronidae Ross, 1949
Subfamily Xiphocentroninae Ross, 1949
Caenocentron trilineatum (Mosely, 1934)
El Salvador, Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz) (new state record).
Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) serestusSchmid, 1982
Mexico (Michoacán, Oaxaca) (Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Mexico.
Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) rhamnesSchmid, 1982
Mexico (Estado de México, Puebla, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Bueno-Soria et al., 2022). Endemic to Mexico.
Xiphocentron (Ramphocentron) numanusSchmid, 1982
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Schmid, 1982). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Xiphocentron (Xiphocentron) aureumFlint, 1967
Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz), Panama (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Suborder “Spicipalpia”
Family Hydrobiosidae Ulmer, 1905
Subfamily Hydrobiosinae Ulmer, 1907
Atopsyche (Atopsyche) aplitaRoss & King, 1952
Mexico (Estado de México, Oaxaca, Puebla) (DGRU, 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Atopsyche (Atopsyche) bifurcata Razo-González & Novelo-Gutiérrez, 2021.
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Razo-González et al., 2021). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Atopsyche (Atopsyche) caloptaRoss & King, 1952
Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Estado de México, Hidalgo, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Flint, 1967a; Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978). Endemic to Mexico.
Atopsyche (Atopsyche) dampfiRoss & King, 1952
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Estado de México, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama (Ross & King, 1952; Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978; Holzenthal, 1988a).
Atopsyche (Atopsyche) erigia Ross, 1947
Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, USA (Ross & King, 1952; Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Atopsyche (Atopsyche) hidalgoiFlint, 1967
Mexico (Chiapas, Ciudad de México, Estado de México, Morelos, Oaxaca) (DGRU, 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Atopsyche (Atopsyche) hispida Denning, 1965
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz) (DGRU, 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Atopsyche (Atopsyche) huengaFlint, 1974
Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca), Nicaragua (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Atopsyche (Atopsaura) japodaRoss & King, 1952
Mexico (Oaxaca), Nicaragua (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Atopsyche (Atopsyche) jujmi Razo-González & Novelo-Gutiérrez, 2021
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Razo-González et al., 2021). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Atopsyche (Atopsaura) majada Ross, 1947
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Estado de México, Hidalgo, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Atopsyche (Atopsyche) pilcomayoSchmid, 1989
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Schmid, 1989; Razo-González et al., 2021). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Family Glossosomatidae Wallengren, 1891
Subfamilia Protoptilinae Ross, 1956
Culoptila alucaMosely, 1954
Mexico (Guerrero, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca) (Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2006). Endemic to Mexico.
Culoptila barreraiBueno-Soria & Santiago-Fragoso, 1996
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Santiago-Fragoso, 1996; Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2006). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Culoptila jamapaBueno-Soria & Santiago-Fragoso, 1996
Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz) (Razo-González et al., 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Culoptila pararusiaBlahnik & Holzenthal, 2006
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2006). Endemic to Mexico.
Mortoniella brachyrhachosBlahnik & Holzenthal. 2008
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Mortoniella buenoiBlahnik & Holzenthal, 2008
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Mortoniella falciculaBlahnik & Holzenthal, 2008
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Mortoniella florica (Flint, 1974)
Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008).
Mortoniella meralda (Mosely, 1954)
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Estado de México, Guerrero, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Razo-González, 2018).
Mortoniella mexicanaBlahnik & Holzenthal, 2008
Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla) (Razo-González et al., 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Protoptila bicornuta Flint, 1963
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Panama (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978; Holzenthal, 1988a).
Protoptila cardela Mosey, 1954
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Veracruz) (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978). Endemic to Mexico.
Protoptila chontalaFlint, 1974
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Veracruz) (Bueno-Soria, 2010a). Endemic to Mexico.
Protoptila huavaFlint, 1974
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca) (Flint, 1974b; Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978). Endemic to Mexico.
Protoptila ixtala Mosely, 1937
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Bueno-Soria, 2010a).
Protoptila leonilaeBueno-Soria & Santiago-Fragoso, 1995
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Santiago-Fragoso, 1995). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Protoptila liqua Mosey, 1954
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Razo-González et al., 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Protoptila lorada Mosey, 1954
Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978). Endemic to Mexico.
Protoptila mixteca mixtecaFlint, 1974
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Flint, 1974b). Endemic to Mexico.
Protoptila olvidadaBueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso & Barba-Álvarez, 2004.
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria et al., 2004). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Protoptila piachaMosely, 1954
Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Nuevo León, Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria, 2010a). Endemic to Mexico.
Protoptila pseudopiachaBueno-Soria, 1984
Mexico (Durango, Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria, 1984). Endemic to Mexico.
Protoptila resolda Mosely, 1937
Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Protoptila rota Mosely, 1937
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Bueno-Soria, 2010a).
Protoptila salta Mosely, 1937
Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Estado de México, Guerrero, Jalisco, Oaxaca), Nicaragua (Bueno-Soria, 2010a).
Protoptila spangleriFlint, 1967
Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz) (Razo-González et al., 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Protoptila techilaMosely, 1954
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Mosely, 1954; Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Family Hydroptilidae Stephens, 1936
Subfamily Hydroptilinae Stephens, 1936
Tribe Hydroptili
Hydroptila arctia Ross, 1938
Mexico (Chihuahua, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas), USA (Bueno-Soria, 1984; Razo-González, 2018).
Hydroptila denza Ross, 1948a
Mexico (Guerrero, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) (Bueno-Soria, 1984; Holzenthal, 1988a). Endemic to Mexico.
Hydroptila furtivaBueno-Soria, 1984
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria, 1984). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Hydroptila lacandonaBueno-Soria, 1984
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria, 1984). Endemic to Mexico.
Hydroptila longissimusBueno-Soria 1984
Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca) (new state record).
Hydroptila mexicana Mosely, 1937
Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco), Nicaragua (Bueno-Soria, 1984).
Hydroptila misolhaBueno-Soria, 1984
Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Bueno-Soria, 1984).
Oxyethira azteca (Mosely, 1937)
Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guyana, Grenada, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Tobago, Trinidad, USA, Venezuela (Razo-González, 2018).
Oxyethira desadorna Moulton & Harris, 1997
Mexico (Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Oaxaca) (Razo-González et al., 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Oxyethira tica Holzenthal & Harris, 1992
Barbados, Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, French Guyana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca), Nicaragua, Panama, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Venezuela (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Tribe Leucotrichiini
Anchitrichia spangleriFlint, 1970
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Byrsopteryx tabasquensisBueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso & Barba-Álvarez, 2001
Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco) (new state record). Endemic to Mexico.
Costatrichia lodora Mosely, 1937
Costa Rica, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Leucotrichia extraordinariaBueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso y Barba-Álvarez, 2001
Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco) (new state record), Panama.
Leucotrichia imitatorFlint, 1970
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Chihuahua, Morelos, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Razo-González, 2018).
Leucotrichia limpia Ross, 1944
Costa Rica, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí), USA (Flint, 1970; Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978, Holzenthal, 1988a).
Leucotrichia melleopicta Mosely, 1934b
Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco), Panama, Venezuela (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Leucotrichia sarita Ross, 1944
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Nicaragua, USA (Flint, 1970; Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978; Holzenthal, 1988a).
Mejicanotrichia tamaza (Flint, 1970)
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Flint, 1970; Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978; Harris & Holzenthal, 1997). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Zumatrichia filosa Mosely, 1937
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Zumatrichia multisetosaFlint, 1970
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Tribe Neotrichiini
Mayatrichia rualda Mosely, 1937
Costa Rica, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca), Nicaragua (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Neotrichia exicoma (Mosely, 1937)
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca) (Razo-González et al., 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Neotrichia mariaBueno-Soria & Hamilton, 1986
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Hamilton, 1986). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Neotrichia tuxtla Bueno-Soria, 1999
Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz), Panama (Razo-González, 2018).
Neotrichia xicana (Mosely, 1937)
Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Tabasco), Nicaragua, Panama (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Neotrichia yavesiaBueno-Soria, 2010
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria, 2010b). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Tribe Ochrotrichiini
Metrichia circulatrixBueno-Soria, 2002
Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco) (Razo-González et al., 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Metrichia crenulaBueno-Soria, 2002
Mexico (Morelos, Oaxaca) (Razo-González et al., 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Metrichia longitudinisBueno-Soria, 2002
Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco) (new state record). Endemic to Mexico.
Metrichia yavesiaBueno-Soria, 2002
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria, 2002; Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Ochrotrichia buenoiRazo-González, 2018
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Ochrotrichia catarinaBueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Ochrotrichia ildria Denning & Blickle, 1972
Mexico (Chihuahua, Oaxaca), USA (Bueno-Soria, 2009).
Ochrotrichia ixtlahuacaBueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004
Mexico (Hidalgo, Oaxaca) (Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Mexico.
Ochrotrichia nicaraguaBueno-Soria, 2009
Mexico (Oaxaca), Nicaragua (Razo-González, 2018).
Ochrotrichia pacifica Fint, 1972
Costa Rica, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Panama (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Ochrotrichia stylata Ross, 1938
Guatemala, Mexico (Chihuahua, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz), USA (Razo-González, 2018).
Ochrotrichia unicorniaBueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Ochrotrichia yavesiaBueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Ochrotrichia yetlaBueno-Soria, 2009
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria, 2009). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Ochrotrichia zihuaquia Bueno-Soria & Santiago-Fragoso, 1997
Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria, 2009). Endemic to Mexico.
Rhyacopsyche chichotlaBueno-Soria & Hamilton, 1986
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Hamilton, 1986). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Rhyacopsyche mexicana (Flint, 1967)
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Tribe Orthotrichiini
Ithytrichia mexicana Harris & Contreras-Ramos, 1989
Mexico (Oaxaca, Tamaulipas), USA (Razo-González, 2018).
Suborder Integripalpia
Infraorder Plenitentoria
Family Lepidostomatidae Ulmer, 1903
Subfamily Lepidostomatinae Ulmer, 1903
Lepidostoma (Nosopus) aztecum Flint & Bueno-Soria, 1977
Mexico (Ciudad de México, Estado de México, Morelos, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Mexico.
Lepidostoma (Nosopus) catarinaBueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso & Barba-Álvarez, 2001
Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria et al., 2001). Endemic to Mexico.
Lepidostoma (Nosopus) dafilaBueno-Soria & Contreras-Ramos, 1986
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Contreras-Ramos, 1986). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Lepidostoma (Nosopus) frontale (Banks, 1901)
Mexico (Estado de México, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Mexico.
Lepidostoma (Nosopus) oaxacensisBueno-Soria & Contreras-Ramos, 1986
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Contreras-Ramos, 1986). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Lepidostoma bakeri Flint, 1975
Guatemala, Mexico (Durango, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz), USA (Razo-González, 2018).
Lepidostoma ibarraiBueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso & Barba-Álvarez, 2004
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria et al., 2004). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Lepidostoma zapotecaRazo-González, 2018
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Family Limnephilidae Kolenati, 1848
Subfamily Limnephilinae Kolenati, 1848
Tribe Limnephilini Kolenati, 1848
Limnephilus tulatus Denning, 1962
Mexico (Chihuahua, Ciudad de México, Durango, Estado de México, Oaxaca), USA (Razo-González et al., 2020).
Suborden Integripalpia
Infraorden Brevitentoria
Superfamily Leptoceroidea Leach, 1815
Family Calamoceratidae Ulmer, 1905
Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) mexicanaPrather, 2004
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Prather, 2004). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Phylloicus aeneus (Hagen, 1861)
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Baja California, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Ciudad de México, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, USA (Prather, 2003; Razo-González, 2018).
Phylloicus nigripennis (Banks, 1900)
= Phylloicus latus (Navás, 1924)
= Phylloicus sagittosa (Ross, 1951)
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Estado de México, Guerrero, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama (DGRU, 2023).
Phylloicus gomeziRazo-González, 2018
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Family Leptoceridae Leach, 1815
Subfamily Triplectidinae Ulmer, 1906
Tribe Triplectidini Ulmer, 1906
Triplectides flintorumHolzenthal, 1988
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname (Holzenthal, 1988b).
Subfamily Leptocerinae Leach, 1815
Tribe Nectopsychini Morse, 1981
Nectopsyche argentata Flint, 1991
Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Peru, Venezuela (Holzenthal, 1995).
Nectopsyche dorsalis (Banks, 1901)
Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, USA, Venezuela (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Nectopsyche gemmoides Flint, 1981
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico (Chiapas, Estado de México, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad, Venezuela (Holzenthal, 1995; Razo-González, 2018).
Nectopsyche gracilis (Banks, 1901)
Canada, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Morelos, Oaxaca, Veracruz), USA (new state record).
Nectopsyche ortiziHolzenthal, 1995
Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guyana, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca), Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela (Holzenthal, 1995).
Nectopsyche pavida (Hagen, 1861)
Canada, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, USA (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Tribe Triaenodini Morse, 1981
Triaenodes flintorumHolzenthal & Andersen, 2004
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Triaenodes oaxacensisHolzenthal & Andersen, 2004
Mexico (Oaxaca) (Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004; Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Oaxaca.
Tribe Oecetini Silfvenius, 1905
Oecetis marquesiBueno-Soria, 1981
Mexico (Chiapas, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Veracruz) (new state record). Endemic to Mexico.
Oecetis metlacensisBueno-Soria, 1981
Costa Rica, Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca) (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Oecetis mexicanaBlahnik & Holzenthal, 2014
Belize, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela (Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014).
Oecetis pseudoinconspicuaBueno-Soria, 1981
Costa Rica, Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz), Panama (Bueno-Soria, 1981).
Oecetis silviaeBueno-Soria, 1981
Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz) (Razo-González et al., 2023). Endemic to Mexico.
Oecetis sordidaBlahnik & Holzenthal, 2014
Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Estado de México, Oaxaca), USA (Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014; Razo-González, 2018).
Oecetis verruculaBlahnik & Holzenthal, 2014
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Sonora, Veracruz) Nicaragua (Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014).
Family Odontoceridae Wallengren, 1891
Subfamily Odontocerinae Wallengren, 1891
Marilia baumanniBueno-Soria & Rojas-Ascencio, 2004
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco) (Bueno-Soria & Rojas-Ascencio, 2004). Endemic to Mexico.
Marilia flexuosa Ulmer, 1905b
Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA (Bueno-Soria & Rojas-Ascencio, 2004; Razo-González, 2018).
Marilia nobsca Milne, 1936
Guatemala, Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Estado de México, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Sonora), USA (Bueno-Soria & Rojas-Ascencio, 2004).
Marilia spangleriBueno-Soria & Rojas-Ascencio, 2004
Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca) (Bueno-Soria & Rojas-Ascencio, 2004).
Family Helicopsychidae Ulmer, 1906
Helicopsyche (Cochliopsyche) vazquezae Flint, 1986
Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca), Venezuela (Holzenthal, 1988a).
Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) borealis (Hagen, 1861)
= Helicopsyche lustrica Say, 1821
= Helicopsyche arenifera Lea, 1834
= Helicopsyche glabra Hagen, 1864
= Helicopsyche californica Banks, 1899
= Helicopsyche annulicornis Banks, 1904
Canada, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Estado de México, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, USA (Bueno-Soria, 2010a; Razo-González, 2018).
Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) dampfi Ross, 1956
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca), Nicaragua (Razo-González et al., 2023).
Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) mexicana Banks, 1901
Costa Rica, Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Estado de México, Guerrero, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Tlaxcala), USA (Bueno-Soria & Flint, 1978).
Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) piroa Ross, 1944
Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Nicaragua, USA (Bueno-Soria, 2010a).
Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) planata Ross, 1956
Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Nicaragua (Johanson, 2002; Razo-González, 2018).
Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) selanderi Ross, 1956
Costa Rica, Mexico (Michoacán, Oaxaca, Tabasco), Venezuela (DGRU, 2023).
Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) tuxtlensis Bueno, 1983
Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Panama (Johanson, 2002).
Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) vergelana Ross, 1956
Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela (Bueno-Soria y Flint, 1978).
Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) villegasi Denning & Blickle, 1979
Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Estado de México, Oaxaca, Zacatecas) (Razo-González, 2018). Endemic to Mexico.
According to available information on the geographic distribution of the species, 63 of them were identified as restricted to Mexico (10.47% of national richness) and 38 more as endemic to Oaxaca (17.51% the richness of the state). Several species have been recorded from 1 or 2 Mexican states, while others such as P. aeneus, H. borealis and C. laguna, are widely distributed throughout the country and the continent, and have records from the 5 biogeographic provinces present in Oaxaca.
Discussion
According to our study, the caddisfly fauna of the country is currently integrated by 17 families, 60 genera and 602 species, collected in 28 Mexican states. Our findings are based on an exhaustive literature review that included recently published works in which new species were described (Razo-González, 2018; Razo-González et al., 2021), and new distribution records were reported (Bueno-Soria et al., 2022; Razo-González, 2018; Razo-González et al., 2020, 2023). This work constitutes the most complete inventory of the Trichoptera richness from Oaxaca, which is represented by 216 species, including 9 new records for the state and ranks first in species richness with more than a third of the fauna of the country. Likewise, the high richness recorded for Trichoptera is comparable to that of other groups such as Alticinae beetles (Furth, 2013), Psocodea (García-Aldrete, 2014), the Coleoptera Tenebrionidae (Cifuentes-Ruiz & Zaragoza-Caballero, 2014), Dynastinae (Guzmán-Vázquez et al., 2021) and Staphylinidae (Navarrete-Heredia & Newton, 2014), which is evidence of the enormous richness of insects in the state. Both the enormous richness and the high percentage of endemism identified (47.69%) can be explained by the environmental heterogeneity present in Oaxaca, a state with a very complex physiography where more than 70% of the surface is covered by mountainous areas that promote the presence of a wide variety of environmental conditions. In addition, the overlap of the Nearctic and Neotropical regions gives to Mexican Transition Zone complex characteristics at the geomorphological level as well as a great variety of climates and ecosystems that promote a high richness and the concurrence of species with different biogeographic affinities (Halffter, 2017). In a biogeographical study carried out in the Sierra de Juárez, Oaxaca, it was determined that some species of Trichoptera have distribution ranges associated with the different regions mentioned above and many others are endemic to the same mountain range, whose territory constitutes a biodiversity “hot spot” (García-Aldrete, 2014; Razo-González et al., 2021).
The deficiency of fieldwork in this Mexican state was recognized, as well as in most of the northwestern region of the country, in the Baja California and Yucatán peninsulas (Fig. 2). Although there has been a significant increase in the number of species recorded in this study, the species accumulation curve over time shows that there are still more caddisfly species to be recorded (Fig. 3), and we are still far from reaching the asymptote.
Figure 2 Distribution and species richness of Trichoptera into different Mexican states. Abbreviations were included in Table 3.
Considering the environmental heterogeneity mentioned above and the need to carry out more fieldwork in Oaxaca, there is a high probability that the caddisfly richness in this state, as with other insect groups, will increase significantly if the region continues to be explored in the near future.
