OBJECTIVE:

To describe the characteristics of mothers before and during delivery and their neonates diagnosed with perinatal asphyxia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Retrospective, observational and descriptive study conducted on newborns consecutively admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Children's Hospital of the State of Sonora between January 1 and December 31, 2023, for a diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia. The main characteristics of the mothers and the modes of abortion considered risk factors for asphyxia were identified.

RESULTS:

Sixty-four cases with a diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia were identified. The mean gestational age was 38.3 weeks with a mean birth weight of 3209 grams. The most common maternal comorbidities were: obesity n = 28, gestational diabetes n = 20, and pre-eclampsia n = 16. The most common mode of pregnancy termination was delivery; 45 of the 64 patients had a history of induction of labor, which was the most common factor in this study.

CONCLUSIONS:

Antepartum and intrapartum factors associated with perinatal asphyxia at the Sonora State Children's Hospital are consistent with those in the literature. Given the heterogeneity of this condition, in which multiple maternal and fetal factors are involved, early detection is crucial to prevent its occurrence. Improving the quality of prenatal care allows the identification of high-risk patients, strengthening collaboration between obstetricians and neonatologists to make personalized decisions, and optimizing obstetric and perinatal care.

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