Resumen

ESQUIVEL-CHI, Monserrat Concepción et al. Morphological characterization of Malpighia glabra L. fruits in two bioclimatic regions from Yucatán state. Polibotánica [online]. 2024, n.58, pp.209-223.  Epub 22-Oct-2024. ISSN 1405-2768.  https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.58.15.

Malpighia glabra is a wild fruit species widely distributed in Yucatan, however, it is underutilized due to the lack of knowledge about its properties. Therefore, the objective of this research was to morphologically characterize the fruits of wild M. glabra from two bioclimatic regions of the Yucatán state. For this, a total of 120 fruits from four wild populations of M. glabra were collected in the Yucatan state. Fruits were morphologically characterized using 11 traits that included fruit weight (g), fruit polar diameter (mm), fruit equatorial diameter (mm), fruit shape index, fruits per axil, total soluble solids (ºBrix), seed weight (g), polar seed diameter (mm), equatorial seed diameter (mm), seed thickness (mm) and seed shape index. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance, and morphological relationships between populations were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis by the UPGMA method using Gower's similarity distance. The fruits of M. glabra presented an oblate shape. In general, statistical difference was observed between the morphological traits evaluated. Multivariate analysis of PCA and UPGMA allowed the formation of three groups, with the variables of fruit weight, fruit polar diameter, fruit equatorial diameter, total soluble solids and fruits per axil being the ones that contributed the most in the differentiation of groups. The first three principal components explained 89.42% of the cumulative variation between the groups.

Palabras llave : acerola; plant genetic resource; bioclimatic region; total soluble solids.

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