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Agrociencia
versión On-line ISSN 2521-9766versión impresa ISSN 1405-3195
Agrociencia vol.41 no.4 Texcoco may./jun. 2007
Protección vegetal
Fenoles, Peroxidasa y fenilalanina amonio-lyasa: su relación con la resistencia genética de clones de papa (Solamun tuberosum L.) contra el tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestans Mont. De Bary)
1Departamento de Fitotecnia. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. 56230. Chapingo, Estado de México. (lozoya@correo.chapingo.mx)
2Departamento de Fitotecnia. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. 56230. Chapingo, Estado de México
3Departamento de Fitotecnia. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. 56230. Chapingo, Estado de México. (mtcolina@correo.chapingo.mx)
La resistencia horizontal de las plantas a las enfermedades involucra la activación de varios genes de defensa. Para comprobar este tipo de mecanismos se cuantificaron actividades enzimáticas relacionadas con diversos niveles de resistencia genética en genotipos de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) contra el tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary), expuestos a infección natural en el valle de Toluca, con y sin protección con fungicidas. Hubo respuesta diferencial en presencia y actividad enzimática entre genotipos en función de su resistencia genética y de la presencia o ausencia de fungicidas. En el cultivar Alpha, susceptible, sin fungicidas, hubo correlación positiva significativa entre el nivel de la infección y la actividad de la fenilalanina amonio-liasa (PAL), así como de fenoles-peroxidasa (FEN-POX; r=0.9 en ambos casos), mientras que con protección química los fenoles se correlacionaron positivamente con ambas enzimas. En los clones resistentes hubo correlación positiva directa entre el porcentaje de infección y la presencia de fenoles, con y sin fungicidas, pero no se observó la relación inversa esperada (a mayor cantidad de fenoles menor infección). También en los genotipos resistentes (cv. Zafiro y los clones), sin fungicidas, hubo correlación positiva significativa entre infección/POX, FEN/POX y POX/PAL. Además, con fungicidas, los clones mostraron correlación positiva significativa entre todas las variables y sus combinaciones (r>0.73; Infección, FEN, POX, PAL). Se concluye que la resistencia genética no fue el resultado de reacciones aisladas contra el patógeno, sino de la combinación de los factores estudiados, sugiriendo el carácter poligénico o de resistencia horizontal.
Palabras clave: FEN; papa; PAL; POX; resistencia genética
Horizontal resistance to diseases in plants involves activation of several defense genes. In order to prove this type of mechanism, a quantification was made of enzymatic activities related to diverse levels of genetic resistance in potato genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L.) against late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. De Bary), exposed to natural infection in the Toluca Valley, with and without protection with fungicides. There was a differential response in enzymatic presence and activity among genotypes as a function of their genetic resistance and of the presence or absence of fungicides. In the Alpha cultivar, susceptible, without fungicides, there was significant positive correlation between the infection level and the activity of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), as well as of phenols-peroxidase (FEN-POX; r=0.9 in both cases), whereas with chemical protection, the phenols were positively correlated with both enzymes. In the resistant clones there was direct positive correlation between the percentage of infection and the presence of phenols, with and without fungicides, but the expected inverse relationship was not observed (the higher the amount of phenols, the lower the infection). Also, in the resistant genotypes (cv. Zafiro and the clones), without fungicides, there was significant positive correlation among infection/POX, FEN/POX and POX/PAL. Furthermore, with fungicides, the clones showed significant positive correlation among all of the variables and their combinations (r>0.73; Infection, FEN, POX, PAL). It is concluded that the genetic resistance was not the result of isolated reactions against the pathogen, but rather of the combination of the factors studied, suggesting the polygenic trait or horizontal resistance.
Key words: FEN; potato; PAL; POX; genetic resistance
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Recibido: Noviembre de 2006; Aprobado: Febrero de 2007
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
