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Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana
versión impresa ISSN 1405-3322
Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex vol.57 no.3 Ciudad de México dic. 2005
https://doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2005v57n3a2
Artículos
Petrogénesis ígnea de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana
Igneous petrogenesis of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt
1Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Apartado postal 1-742, Querétaro, Qro., 76001, México
La extraordinaria diversidad magmática de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana está controlada (directa o indirectamente) por dos placas oceánicas independientes cuyos parámetros geofísicos y composicionales se modifican constantemente a lo largo de la trinchera, por un régimen tectónico esencialmente distensivo que opera con distinta intensidad sobre la placa continental, por un basamento cortical con diferentes edades, espesores y composiciones, y por una fuente mantélica primaria de composición extremadamente variable que ha sido influenciada, en mayor o menor medida, por los agentes químicos derivados de la subducción. El régimen tectónico convergente y, en consecuencia, el arco magmático, tampoco han evolucionado de forma homogénea a lo largo su historia, sino que han mostrado transformaciones notables en su posición, geometría y composición. Por estos motivos, la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana es el resultado de uno de los sistemas tectónicos convergentes más complejos del planeta, el objeto de más de un siglo de investigaciones científicas, y también el centro de las controversias más notables sobre la geología mexicana.
Palabras clave: Faja Volcánica Transmexicana; México; subducción; arco magmático; petrología ígnea; manto; corteza
The magmatic diversity of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt is directly or indirectly controlled by two independent oce-anicplates with differing geophysical and compositionalparameters, by an extensional tectonic regime that operates with different intensities over the upperplate, by a continental basement with a diversity of ages, thicknesses and compositions, and by a compositionally heterogeneous mantle wedge that has been modified to various extents by the subduction-de-rived chemical agents. The convergent margin and the magmatic arc have not been evolving homogenously though their geologic histories, but instead have shown significant changes in position, geometry and composition. For these reasons, the Transmexican Volcanic Belt is the result of one of the most complex convergent margins on the planet, the subject of more than a century of scientific investigations, and the core of the most notable debates on the Mexican geology.
Key words: Transmexican Volcanic Belt; Mexico; subduction; magmatic arc; igneous petrology; mantle; crust
Agradecimientos
Deseamos agradecer a Tania Norato Cortez y Carolina Muñoz Torres, quienes contribuyeron en la elaboración, compilación y revisión de la base de datos geoquímicos. También agradecemos a Susanne Straub por habernos dado acceso a su base de datos de rocas cuaternarias con la que complementamos la base de datos que aparece aquí. Agradecemos los acertados comentarios y la minuciosa revisión de Álvaro Márquez, Ángel Nieto-Samaniego y Peter Schaaf. L. Ferrari y T. Orozco-Esquivel contaron con el apoyo de dos proyectos de cooperación bilateral CONACyT-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR, Italia) para la realización de este trabajo. A. Gómez-Tuena agradece el apoyo de CONACyT (proyecto 39785) para el estudio del magmatismo en la FVTM.
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Recibido: 15 de Abril de 2005; Revisado: 22 de Agosto de 2005; Aprobado: 30 de Agosto de 2005